Study of pollen fertility of the hieraciuni and scorzonera [asteraceae] from pakistan

Pollen fertility of nine different species, Hieracium umbellatum L., H. virosum Pall., H. vulgatum Fries., Scorzonera ummophila Bunge, S.fusca Kitam., 5. hondae Kitam., 5. laciniate L., S. picridioides Boiss. and S. virgata DC. belonging to family Asteraceae was studied from Pakistan. Morphology of pollen grains of each species is based on specimens selected at random. At species level, micro-morphological characters like pollen fertility differences, distribution of surface pattern, shape and size of pollens have been found to exist. Pollen fertility data shows that Hieraciuni vulgatum and Scorzonera ammophila have highest value i.e. 92.33% and 97.66% respectively. The least value was found in Hieracium virosum [67.66%] and Scorzonera picridioides [79%]. Further cytological studies are required in taxonomy to determine the fertility status in different species. Study f demonstrates the potential of pollen studies in distinguishing some taxonomic groups in the family Asteraceae

Palynological studies of some problematical medicinal plants of Pakistan

Morphology of pollen grains of each species is based on specimens selected at random. Proposed characters i.e. grain, shape of pollen grain, equatorial view, polar view, equatorial diameter [E], polar diameter [P], P/E ratio, length of colpus, exine surface, exine thickness, number of spines between colpi in each species were recorded for comparison. At species level, micro-morphological differences and distribution of surface pattern, shape and size of pollen have been found to exist. The pollen grains are consistently echinate, trizonocolporate. This study demonstrates the potential of pollen studies in distinguishing some taxonomic groups in the Asteraceae. The present research project is confined to the palynological studies of some of the problematical medicinal plants of Pakistan. Sixteen different genera: acacia, Agrimonia, Allium, Anthemis, Asparagus, Berberis, Centella, Colchicum, Cotula, Delphinium, Gentiana, Lactuca, Matricaria, Nigella, Phyllenthus, Viola have been examined in this study. Matricaria chamomilla, Anthemis nobilis, and Cotula aurea have been differentiated with the help of palynology. The palynological studies of Lactuca dissecta [with white flowers] and Lactuca dissecta [with purple flowers] showed many characteristic differences

exploration of organic matter status, fertilizer elements from Balochistan in Pakistan

Extensive studies have been carried out to assess the organic matter status of soil in different soil types in Balochistan for the provision of guidelines to farmers and researches for better crop production. Different soil types of the area were collected, analyzed and classified for organic matter, pH, and density, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen contents. Organic matter is essentially required for plant growth but its contents vary in different soil types. By looking at the table it is clear that the nitrogen is higher in sandstone [0.90%] with weak acidic condition [6.90%]. Sulphur contents are higher in sandy limestone [1.0%] while minimum in limestone [0.00%]. Oxygen contents are higher in sandstone [18%], which is considered to be suitable for plant growth as it has low conductivity and weak acidic pH. Organic contents are higher in shale stone. Fertilizer recommendations were advised to the famers according to soil conditions