ABSTRACT
The intestinal absorption of fatty acids may take place through simple diffusion as well as through protein carrier mediated transport, although the relative importance of each pathway is dependent on the ambient condition of entrocytes. Cadmium ion influences the absorption of fatty acids in entrocytes. However, the effect of cadmium ion on the absorption of fatty acids in different pH values has not been evaluated yet. Especially, the luminal pH of small intestine has an essential role in the absorption of fatty acids. In the present study we aimed to evaluate reciprocal effects of cadmium ion and pH of intestine lumen on the absorption of fatty acids in rat model. In this experimental research, 3 months old Wistar rats [45 rats] were used for experiments. After killing the rats, their intestine was removed and the duodenum and jejunum segments were dissected. Everted Gut Sacs [EGS] were prepared from these duodenum and jejunum segments. The sacs were filled with buffer solution and incubated in a medium containing an appropriate concentration of oleic acid. Then the amounts of oleic acid that had been absorbed into the EGSs in the presence and absence of cadmium ions under different conditions of pH, was measured. Findings of the study demonstrated that the luminal pH of small intestine was effective on the oleic acid uptake and the inhibitory effect of cadmium ions on the uptake of the acid was influenced by pH condition, so that this inhibitory effect was 32% and 36% at the alkaline pHs 7.5 and 9.2, respectively [P<0.05]. At the acidic pHs, 2.5 and 4.5, the inhibitory effect reduced to 11% and 5%, respectively [P<0.05]. Cadmium ion decreased fatty acid uptake by small intestine in rats, and the acidic pH of intestine lumen could attenuate the inhibitory effect of cadmium ion
ABSTRACT
Myeloperoxidase [MPO] and paraoxonase-1 [PON1] are inflammatory and anti-inflammatory enzymes, respectively that have been involved in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease [CAD]. In this study we sought to evaluate the relations of MPO and PON1 with high density lipoprotein [HDL] mean size in patients with acute coronary syndrome [ACS]. Collectively, 50 control subjects and 50 patients with ACS were participated in this study. MPO level and PON1 activity was determined using immunoassay and colorimetric methods, respectively. HDL mean size was determined by a dynamic light scattering methodology. Other clinical risk factors were also determined by standard methods. The MPO/PON1 ratio amount was significantly higher in patients with ACS [1.49 +/- 1.10] than in control subjects [0.21 +/- 0.14] [P<0.01]. There was a significant correlation between MPO/PON1 ratio and HDL mean size in patients with ACS. Amount of the enzymes and their relations to HDL particle size in patients with ACS may play a part in the pathogenesis of ACS. Also, MPO/PON1 ratio may be a robust predictor of ACS