ABSTRACT
Diabetes is an important disease. This disease is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from perturbation in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Honey bee venom contains a wide range of polypeptide agents. The principle components of bee venom are mellitin and phospholipase A[2]. These components increase insulin secretion from the beta-cells of pancreas. This study was conducted to show the hypoglycemic effect of honey bee venom on alloxan induced diabetic male rats. Eighteen adult male rats weighting 200 +/- 20 g were placed into 3 randomly groups: control, alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetic rat and treated group that received honey bee venom daily before their nutrition for four months. Forty eight hours after the last injection, blood was collected from their heart, serum was dissented and blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride and total cholesterol were determined. Glucose serum, triglyceride and total cholesterol level in treated group in comparison with diabetic group was significantly decreased [P< 0.01]. On the other hand, using bee venom causes increase in insulin serum in comparison with diabetic group [P< 0.05]. Honeybee venom [apitoxin] can be used as therapeutic option to lower blood glucose and lipids in diabetic rats
ABSTRACT
Multiple sclerosis [MS] is a progressive and autoimmune neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system [CNS]. This disease is recognized through symptoms like inflammation, demyelination and the destruction of neurological actions. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis [EAE] is a widely accepted animal model for MS. EAE is created in animals by injecting the tissue of myelin basic protein [MBP], CNS, or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein [MOG] along with the adjuvant. EAE and MS are similar diseases. Honey Bee venom [Apis mellifera] contains a variety of low and high molecular weight peptides and proteins, including melittin, apamin, adolapin, mast cell degranulating peptide and phospholipase A2. Bee venom [BV] could exert anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects on the inflammatory reactions. The guinea pig spinal cord homogenate [GPSCH] is with the Complete Freund's Adjuvant [CFA], consisting of 1 mg/mL Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It was used for inducting EAE in Lewis rats for creating the MS model. The hematoxylin and eosin and luxol fast blue methods were used respectively in analyses of inflammation and detection of demyelination in the central nervous system. Furthermore, the ELISA and the high performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] were used for the assessment of tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha] and nitrate in rats serum. In this study, we indicated that the treatment of EAE with Bee venom decreased the symptoms of clinical disorder, pathological changes, inflammatory cell infiltration, demyelination in the central nervous system, level of serum TNF-alpha, and the serum nitrates in rat EAE induced through GPSCH