ABSTRACT
The human bocavirus (HBoV), virus of the Parvoviridae family, discovered by molecular methods in 2005,has been reported in respiratory samples, stool, urine and blood, both in children and adults. Prevalence ratesrange from 0.8% in fecal samples of individuals with acute diarrhea, up to 19% in respiratory samples and blood.HBoV has been detected in up to 43% of nasopharyngeal samples in asymptomatic children. In Chile, HBoV wasdetected in 24.2% of nasopharyngeal swabs in children under 5 years of age with respiratory symptoms of which74% had coinfection with other viruses. In asymptomatic children under 5 years of age, 37.5% of NP sampleswere positive for HBoV. We discuss the role of HBoV as a causal agent of respiratory and/or enteric disease inlight of the high rates of coinfection and asymptomatic infections.
Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Bocavirus/isolation & purification , Gastrointestinal Diseases/virology , Parvoviridae Infections/virology , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Chile , SeasonsABSTRACT
Background: The quality of the inhalatory technique (IT) is a factor on which its therapeutic success relies. Objective: Evaluate the quality of the IT performed by mothers of hospitalized infants due to acute respiratory infections, identifying possible mistakes. Method: 10 steps of an optimal IT were evaluated through a numerical scale previously designed, each step qualified with score 0 or 1 according to its accomplishment (maximum 10 points). The IT of each mother was evaluated and the correct accomplishment percentage of each step was calculated. Results: Mothers' IT scores presented a range of 4 to 10 points, where 12.5 percent reached the maximum score. The steps with the least accomplishment percentages were: appropriate waiting time between 2 inhalations (17.2 percent), performance of a second inhalation (83.6 percent) and holding the mouth and nose inside the inhalatory chamber for 10 seconds or 10 respiratory cycles once the inhalation had been administrated (89.1 percent). Conclusion: Although the majority of mothers had received IT instruction and are familiarized with it, certain steps are still performed in a deficient way, compromising the therapy success.
La calidad con que se realiza la técnica inhalatoria (TI) es un factor condicionante de su éxito terapéutico. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la TI realizada por madres de lactantes hospitalizados por infecciones respiratorias agudas, identificando posibles errores. Pacientes y Métodos: Mediante una escala numérica previamente diseñada que incluyó 10 pasos de una TI óptima (calificada con puntaje 0 ó 1 según cumplimiento, puntaje máximo 10), se evaluó la TI de cada madre y el porcentaje de cumplimiento de cada paso. Resultados: El rango de calificaciones de las madres fue 4 a 10 puntos, obteniendo 12,5 por ciento el puntaje máximo. Los pasos que obtuvieron los menores porcentajes de cumplimiento fueron: tiempo de espera entre dos ciclos inhalatorios (17,2 por ciento), realización de un segundo ciclo inhalatorio (83,6 por ciento) y mantenimiento por 10 segundos o 10 respiraciones de la boca y nariz del lactante dentro de la aerocámara una vez administrada la inhalación (89,1 por ciento). Conclusión: A pesar de que la mayoría de las madres ha recibido instrucción y están familiarizadas con el uso de inhaladores, algunos pasos son realizados en forma deficiente por un elevado número de ellas, comprometiendo el éxito de la terapia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aerosols/administration & dosage , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Nebulizers and Vaporizers , Popular Work , Acute Disease , Administration, Inhalation , Child, Hospitalized , Chile , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Los niños con necesidades de cuidado médico especial (NECMES) son una población creciente en pediatría y su riesgo de complicaciones asociadas a enfermedades infecciosas es alto. Objetivo. En niños con NECMES, describir la adherencia al Programa Nacional de Inmunizaciones (PNI) y al uso de vacunas adicionales recomendadas. Pacientes y Métodos. En forma retrospectiva se registró en niños con NECMES, hospitalizados: vacunas PNI administradas, retrasos y causas de éstos, prescripción y administración de vacunas adicionales. Resultados. Se analizaron 70 niños: 30 presentaron al menos un atraso en las vacunas PNI, 40,0 por ciento por hospitalizaciones previas, 26,7 por ciento por morbilidad menor y 20 por ciento por otras causas no justificadas. Se prescribió vacunas adicionales al PNI a 49 niños (70 por ciento) pero sólo 25 las recibieron. Conclusiones. Esta población presentó baja adherencia al esquema de vacunación PNI y extra PNI. Cualquier contacto con el personal de salud, incluyendo la hospitalización, debe constituir una oportunidad para actualizar las inmunizaciones.
The proportion of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) due to chronic illness is increasing. They have a high risk of complications due to infectious diseases. Objective. To describe adherence to the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) and administration of other expert recommended vaccines in CSHCN. Patients and methods. In a retrospective manner information on chronic disease, EPI vaccines administration, reasons for delays, prescription and administration of additionally recommended vaccines was registered in a cohort of hospitalized CSHCN. Results. Seventy children were analyzed. Thirty (42.9 percent) had at least one delay in EPI immunization schedule; 40 percent due to previous hospitalizations, 26.7 percent due to minor morbidity and 20 percent due to other unjustified reasons. Forty-nine (70.0 percent) received prescriptions for additional vaccines, but only 25 actually received them. Conclusions. CSHCN showed low adherence to EPI and received few additionally recommended vaccines. Every contact with these patients, including hospitalization should be used to update immunizations.