ABSTRACT
Background First degree relatives (FDR) of type 2 diabetic (T2D) are predisposed for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which accelerates cardiovascular aging. Pulse wave analysis (PWA) gives non-invasive measurement of central hemodynamics like central blood pressure (cBP), cardiac output (CO), stroke work (SW) and vascular stiffness like pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index at heart rate 75 (AIx@75). Objective To study PWA derived cardiovascular parameters in FDRs of T2D as compared to controls. Materials and methods We enrolled 117 FDRs of T2D and 117 matched controls for a cross-sectional study. We performed PWA using Mobil-o-Graph (IEM, Germany) by oscillometric method to derive cardiovascular parameters which were compared and correlated for significance. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Gender, age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), physical activity were comparable between groups. FDRs of T2D had significantly higher blood pressure (brachial-systolic 125 vs 118, diastolic 80 vs 77, mean 100 vs 96 mmHg and central- systolic 113 vs 105, diastolic 82 vs 79, pulse pressure 31 vs 28 mmHg), SW (98 vs 90 g m/bt), rate pressure product (RPP- 113 vs 107), PWV (5.14 vs 4.89 m/s), AIx@75 (30 vs 27) than control. Dependant variables correlated with brachial BP more than age or anthropometric variables. Result did not differ by maternal or paternal inheritance in case group. Conclusions Young, sedentary, non-obese FDRs of T2D have adverse cardiovascular profile which is suggested to worsen before or with onset of T2DM and definitely need attention for life style modification as primary prevention.
ABSTRACT
Present study was carried out on 50 textile workers (34 males and 16 females) of Kumbharwada, Bhavnagar. All were exposed to high intensity industrial noise in plastic weaving Textile industry. Other causes of Hearing loss apart from Occupational Noise Induced Hearing Loss (ONIHL) were ruled out. Detailed occupational history and complaints related to hearing were inquired. Each subject was evaluated by Pure Tone Audiometry. Hearing thresholds at speech frequencies and high frequency were tested in silent room after 16 hours from termination to last exposure. The result was compared by statistical analysis that revealed more hearing loss at high frequency as compared to speech frequencies. The magnitude and degree of hearing loss seemed to increase with duration of exposure.