ABSTRACT
Resumen La existencia de un Plan Decenal de Salud Pública para Colombia y la definición de una Política de Atención Integral en Salud concretaron un nuevo Modelo de Atención basado en la Atención Primaria de la Salud. Esto ubicó a la Salud Familiar y Comunitaria como núcleo fundamental y definió un rol al Médico y al Profesional Familiar y Comunitario, que dimensiona los procesos transdisciplinarios y la articulación de acciones individuales y colectivas, con esquemas pedagógicos holísticos transformadores. Este planteamiento generó un análisis y reflexión de la opinión de una muestra del 14,6% de los clasificados como Salubristas por el Observatorio Laboral del Ministerio de Educación quienes, con la respuesta a 13 preguntas enviadas por vía electrónica, libremente plantearon su percepción, conceptualización y experiencia práctica de los enfoques de Salud Familiar y Comunitaria. Con esta medición se definieron los contenidos básicos que se presentan en este documento con un nuevo enfoque transversal en el Pregrado y los Posgrados, de acuerdo con una propuesta pedagógica transformadora y con visión práctica, encontrándose aquí como destacable, la importante relación entre la educación y la salud integral; el concepto que en el 80% de las observaciones se expresó al denominar el poco compromiso de la comunidad y los profesionales de la salud con una "Cultura de la Salud Integralmente Concebida".
Abstract The existence of a Decennial Public Health Plan for Colombia and the definition of a Comprehensive Health Care Policy concretized a new Model of Care based on Primary Health Care. This placed Family and Community Health as a fundamental nucleus and defined a role for the Family and Community Physician and Practitioner, who dimension the transdisciplinary processes and the articulation of individual and collective actions, with transformational holistic pedagogical schemes. This approach generated an analysis and reflection of the opinion of a sample of 14.6% of those classified as Salubristas by the Labor Observatory of the Ministry of Education who, with the answer to 13 questions sent electronically, freely raised their perception, conceptualization and practical experience of Family and Community Health approaches. With this measurement the basic contents that are presented in this document with a new transversal approach in the Undergraduate and Postgraduates were defined, according to a pedagogical proposal transforming and with practical vision, being here like remarkable, the important relation between the education and integral health; the concept that in 80% of the observations was expressed when denominating the little commitment of the community and the professionals of the health with an "Culture of the Health Integrally Conceived".
Resumo A existência de um Plano de Saúde Pública de dez anos para a Colômbia ea definição de uma Política Integral de Saúde resultou em um novo Modelo de Cuidados Baseado em Atenção Primária à Saúde. Isso colocou a Familia e a Saúde Comunitária como um núcleo fundamental e definiu um papel para o Médico e o Profissional Familiar e Comunitário, que dimensiona os processos transdisciplinares e a articulação de ações individuais e coletivas, com esquemas pedagógicos transformadores holísticos. Esta abordagem gerou uma análise e reflexão da opinião de uma amostra de 14,6% das classificadas como Salubristas pelo Observatório do Trabalho do Ministério da Educação que, com a resposta a 13 questões enviadas eletronicamente, aumentou livremente sua percepção, conceituação e experiência prática de abordagens de saúde familiar e comunitária. Com esta medida, os conteúdos básicos apresentados neste documento foram definidos com um novo foco transversal em Estudos de Graduação e Pós-Graduação, de acordo com uma proposta pedagógica transformadora e com uma visão prática, sendo aqui a relação notável entre educação e saúde abrangente; o conceito de que em 80% das observações foi expressado chamando o pequeno compromisso da comunidade e os profissionais de saúde com uma "Cultura de Saúde Integralmente Concebida".
ABSTRACT
El laboratorio clínico, tal como se conoce en la actualidad, ha vivido un proceso de transformación histórica que contempla desde lo empírico, lo sistemático y lo organizacional.Teniendo sus orígenes en los saberes, conocimientos y técnicas aplicadas, de las ciencias exactas y sus disciplinas, impulsados por la necesidad de implementar un recurso diagnóstico en el manejo y tratamiento de las enfermedades.En Colombia el laboratorio clínico, tiene sus inicios a principios del s XX, acorde con las necesidades económicas y sanitarias de la época. El mayor impulso a la consolidación del laboratorio se realizó a través del surgimiento del Instituto Nacional de Salud como organismo nacional de referencia, adoptando modelos estructurales y organizativos de Europa y Estados Unidos.La intención de este documento es dar un vistazo a través de los orígenes, la historia, el nacimiento y desarrollo del laboratorio clínico en Colombia...(AU)
The clinical laboratory as it is known today has undergone a process of historical transformation that viewed from the empirical, the systematic and organizational. Given its origins in knowledge, skills and applied techniques of exact sciences and disciplines, driven by the need to implement a diagnostic tool in the management and treatment of diseases.In Colombia the clinical laboratory, has its beginnings in the early twentieth s, according to the economic and health needs of the time. The greatest impetus to laboratory consolidation was conducted through the emergence of the National Institute of Health as the national reference, adopting structural and organizational models in Europe and the United States.The intent of this document is to look through the origins, history, the birth and development of the clinical laboratory in Colombia...(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Laboratory TechniquesABSTRACT
Malaria is a vector-borne disease that is considered to be one of the most serious public health problems due to its high global mortality and morbidity rates. Although multiple strategies for controlling malaria have been used, many have had limited impact due to the appearance and rapid dissemination of mosquito resistance to insecticides, parasite resistance to multiple antimalarial drug, and the lack of sustainability. Individuals in endemic areas that have been permanently exposed to the parasite develop specific immune responses capable of diminishing parasite burden and the clinical manifestations of the disease, including blocking of parasite transmission to the mosquito vector. This is referred to as transmission blocking (TB) immunity (TBI) and is mediated by specific antibodies and other factors ingested during the blood meal that inhibit parasite development in the mosquito. These antibodies recognize proteins expressed on either gametocytes or parasite stages that develop in the mosquito midgut and are considered to be potential malaria vaccine candidates. Although these candidates, collectively called TB vaccines (TBV), would not directly stop malaria from infecting individuals, but would stop transmission from infected person to non-infected person. Here, we review the progress that has been achieved in TBI studies and the development of TBV and we highlight their potential usefulness in areas of low endemicity such as Latin America.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology , Antigens, Protozoan/immunology , Malaria Vaccines/immunology , Malaria, Falciparum , Malaria, Vivax , Latin America , Malaria, Falciparum/immunology , Malaria, Falciparum , Malaria, Vivax/immunology , Malaria, Vivax , Plasmodium falciparum/immunology , Plasmodium vivax/immunology , Protozoan Proteins/immunologyABSTRACT
Here we present a comprehensive review of the literature on the vectorial importance of the major Anopheles malaria vectors in Colombia. We provide basic information on the geographical distribution, altitudinal range, immature habitats, adult behaviour, feeding preferences and anthropophily, endophily and infectivity rates. We additionally review information on the life cycle, longevity and population fluctuation of Colombian Anopheles species. Emphasis was placed on the primary vectors that have been epidemiologically incriminated in malaria transmission: Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles nuneztovari. The role of a selection of local, regional or secondary vectors (e.g., Anopheles pseudopunctipennis and Anopheles neivai) is also discussed. We highlight the importance of combining biological, morphological and molecular data for the correct taxonomical determination of a given species, particularly for members of the species complexes. We likewise emphasise the importance of studying the bionomics of primary and secondary vectors along with an examination of the local conditions affecting the transmission of malaria. The presence and spread of the major vectors and the emergence of secondary species capable of transmitting human Plasmodia are of great interest. When selecting control measures, the anopheline diversity in the region must be considered. Variation in macroclimate conditions over a species' geographical range must be well understood and targeted to plan effective control measures based on the population dynamics of the local Anopheles species.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Anopheles , Insect Vectors , Malaria/transmission , Colombia , Ecosystem , Population Dynamics , SeasonsABSTRACT
Los protozoarios patógenos Cryptosporidium parvum y Giardia sp. han demostrado su infectividad e impacto negativo en la salud de miles de personas tanto en naciones industrializadas como en los países en desarrollo. La mayoría de los protozoarios por presentar una forma resistente a las condiciones ambientales, les permite la supervivencia a los tratamientos físico-químicos del agua para consumo humano. De igual forma, la aparición de nuevos patógenos demuestra la necesidad de desarrollar nuevos indicadores de calidad microbiológica que permitan ofrecer productos verdaderamente seguros en el agua para uso humano. El presente artículo es una revisión de literatura que señala el impacto de este riesgo microbiológico, asociado fundamentalmente con el consumo de aguas cuyos indicadores clásicos de contaminación microbiológica (coliformes fecales y Escherichia coli) en casi todos los casos cumplen con las normas vigentes.
The pathogenic protozoa Cryptosporidium sp. and Giardia sp. showed their infectivity and negative effects on the health of thousands of people in both developed and developing countries. Protozoa have ambient resistant stages that permit survived to physical and chemical treatment of drinking water. This risk is mainly related to the consumption of water whose microbiological quality indicators typically fulfill with current standards (fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli). Likewise, the discovery of new pathogens is calling for the development of new microbiological quality indicators that allow the production of really safe goods and services such as water for human consumption. Herein the authors present a literature review showing the impact of this microbiological risk in different populations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cryptosporidium , Drinking Water , Giardia , Protozoan Infections , Water QualityABSTRACT
The daily man-biting activity of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albimanus and An. (Kerteszia) neivai was determined in four ecologically distinct settlements of the Naya River, Department of Valle, Colombia. Differences were found among the settlements with respect to the mosquito species present, intradomiciliary and extradomiciliary biting activity and population densities.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anopheles/physiology , Insect Bites and Stings , Behavior, Animal , Brazil/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Experimentalmente se demuestra la presencia de amibas de vida libre potencialmente patógenas, en aguas termales de uso público en tres localidades de los didtritos Valera y Betijoque del Estado Trujillo, Venezuela
Subject(s)
Adult , Mice , Animals , Humans , Amebiasis , Amoeba/parasitology , Meningoencephalitis , VenezuelaABSTRACT
Se investiga la producción de quistes en una cepa de Toxoplasma gondii mantenida por pasajes en ratones albinos observandose que solamente produce taquizoitos
Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Rats , ToxoplasmaABSTRACT
Entre los anos 1984 y 1985 se colectaron larvas y mosquitos de Anopheles (Kerteszia) en diferentes localidades de la costa del pacifico colombiano: El Trueno, Concherito y Santa Cruz, en el Rio Naya; Juanchaco y Ladrilleros, en el departamento del Valle del Cauca; y Charambira, en el Departamento del Choco. Los muestreos iniciales parecian indicar el hallazgo de dos especies: A.neivai y A.homunculus. Debido a ciertas dudas que se originaron en algunas diferencias morfologicas en los especimenes estudiados, se realizaron observaciones mas detalladas, y se llego a la conclusion de la presencia de una sola especie, A. neivai, con variaciones fenotipicas, que plantean algunos problemas de tipo taxonomico y posiblemente epidemiologico