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1.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 49(2): 189-199, 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597574

ABSTRACT

Stem cells have a great potential for the treatment of presently incurable neurological diseases, including spinal trauma, cerebrovascular pathology, brain tumor and neurodegenerative processes, such as Parkinson and Alzheimer's disease, Huntington, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Aims: To discuss the characteristics of the various stem cells types having been proposed for cell therapy, and the biological mechanisms responsible for their therapeutic effects. Report: Stem cells can be induced to differentiate into specialized cells such as neurons and glial cells, and they can influence the environment around them, both through the secretion of neurotrophic factors and immunomodulation of the host neuroimmune response. Furthermore, the understanding of the modulatory effect of stem cells could lead to the development of new therapeutic paradigms. Nevertheless, two important limitations of the field are that the ideal source for stem cells is not well defined yet and the mechanism of stem cell mediated functional improvement is not well understood. Conclusions: Research is currently focused on the biological mechanisms of stem cells therapy and the assessment of stem cell programming and delivery to the target regions. Furthermore, future research will increasingly target ways to enhance effectiveness of the stem cell therapy, including its combination with gene therapy. Regardless its enormous potentials, there are still many problems to be solved before clinical application of stem cell therapy can de used in neurological disease patients.


Introducción: Las células troncales tienen un gran potencial para el tratamiento de enfermedades neurológicas actualmente incurables, incluyendo el trauma espinal, patología cerebrovascular y procesos neurodegenerativos como el Parkinson, Alzheimer, Huntington, esclerosis múltiple o la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica. Objetivo: Discutir las características de diversas células troncales que han sido propuestas para terapia celular, y los mecanismos biológicos responsables de sus efectos terapéuticos. Desarrollo: Las células troncales pueden ser inducidas a diferenciarse en células especializadas como neuronas y células gliales, y pueden influenciar su entorno, tanto a través de la secreción de factores neurotróficos como por la inmunomodulación de la respuesta neuroinmune. La comprensión del efecto modulador de las células troncales podría orientar el desarrollo de nuevos paradigmas terapéuticos. Sin embargo, dos limitaciones importantes que persisten son, que la célula troncal ideal aún no está bien definida, y que los mecanismos que median la mejoría inducida por ellas no se comprende bien. Conclusiones: La investigación se enfoca actualmente en los mecanismos biológicos de la actividad terapéutica de las células troncales, en la evaluación de la programación celular y en su acceso a las regiones blanco. La investigación futura se dirigirá progresivamente a encontrar formas de aumentar la efectividad de las células troncales, incluyendo su combinación con terapia genética. Sin embargo, aún existen numerosos problemas que resolver antes que la terapia con células troncales pueda ser usada en pacientes con enfermedades neurológicas.


Subject(s)
Stem Cells/physiology , Central Nervous System Diseases/therapy , Stem Cell Transplantation , Cell Differentiation , Stem Cells/immunology , Neurodegenerative Diseases/therapy , Neovascularization, Physiologic , Nerve Regeneration , Neuroglia
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 137(7): 936-939, jul. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-527134

ABSTRACT

Refractory status epilepticus is a catastrophic illness of the central nervous system, with a mortality rate that reaches 50 percent. We report three patients admitted with refractory status epilepticus: a 24 year-old male that discontinued antiepileptic medications, a 46 year-old male with a focal epilepsy secondary to an encephalitis that discontinued medications due to gastrointestinal problems and a 59 year-old male with an ischemic encephalopathy AH were treated with topiramate, delivered through a nasogastric tube with a good response.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Fructose/analogs & derivatives , Status Epilepticus/drug therapy , Administration, Oral , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Fructose/therapeutic use , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/complications , Patient Dropouts , Status Epilepticus/etiology , Young Adult
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 137(5): 675-679, mayo 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-521871

ABSTRACT

Limbic encephalitis (LE) can be associated to cancer, viral infection or be idiopathic. One form is associated to voltage dependent potassium channel (VKC) antibodies. The clinical presentation includes impairment of consciousness, amnesia and temporal lobe seizures; typical abnormalities are also found in brain magnetic resonance. We report a 68 year-old male who had LE associated to VKC antibodies. The patient was treated with steroids with a partial response. At the moment of the report he is asymptomatic and continues with prednisone treatment.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Autoantibodies/blood , Limbic Encephalitis/immunology , Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/immunology , Electroencephalography , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Limbic Encephalitis/diagnosis , Limbic Encephalitis/drug therapy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Piracetam/analogs & derivatives , Piracetam/therapeutic use , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Valproic Acid/therapeutic use
4.
Neumol. pediátr ; 3(3): 200-204, 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-522155

ABSTRACT

La Rinosinusitis (RS) es una patología frecuente en la población pediátrica. Anualmente un niño cursa aproximadamente 6 a 8 episodios de infecciones respiratorias altas de origen viral, de éstos, entre 5-13 por ciento se complican con una RS bacteriana. El diagnóstico del episodio agudo es esencialmente clínico. Se define RS recurrente a la presencia de 3 o más episodios de RS en 6 meses o 4 en un año con periodos libre de sintomatología entre los episodios. Estos niños requieren un manejo especial, basado en tratamiento antibiótico de segunda línea junto a la certificación con imágenes de la resolución del cuadro. Pasado el episodio agudo, es esencial realizar estudio de factores predisponentes, buscando causas potencialmente modificables, lo que conjuntamente con derivación oportuna al especialista determinará el manejo futuro.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Rhinitis/diagnosis , Rhinitis/therapy , Sinusitis/diagnosis , Sinusitis/therapy , Causality , Recurrence , Rhinitis/physiopathology , Signs and Symptoms , Signs and Symptoms , Sinusitis/physiopathology
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