ABSTRACT
@#Members of the genus Anisakis are parasitic nematodes of the family Anisakidae. They are potential zoonotic parasites, causing anisakiasis in humans who consume raw or undercooked seafood (fish or squid) infected with the larvae of this nematode. In the present study, anisakid nematodes collected from the marine fish Priacanthus tayenus (Purplespotted big-eye) caught from the Gulf of Thailand were examined morphologically and characterized genetically by DNA sequence analysis. Sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (mtDNA cox2) gene were used to identify these nematodes to species level and to evaluate the phylogenetic relationship among various taxa. All the 15 third-stage larvae of Anisakis nematodes investigated in this study belonged to the same genetic lineage as the A. typica species complex (named here as A. typica sp. T – T for Thailand). Eight mtDNA cox2 haplotypes were revealed in the 15 isolates of this Anisakis from Thailand. The mtDNA cox2 haplotypes of A. typica sp. T from Thailand were genetically distinct from those of the A. typica sensu stricto. Taxonomic description of this A. typica sp. T as a distinct species however awaits the availability of adult specimens.
ABSTRACT
Differentiating the binding properties of applied lectins should facilitate the selection of lectins for characterization of glycoreceptors on the cell surface. Based on the binding specificities studied by inhibition assays of lectin-glycan interactions, over twenty Gal and/or GalNAc specific lectins have been divided into eight groups according to their specificity for structural units (lectin determinants), which are the disaccharide as all or part of the determinants and of GalNAc alpha 1-->Ser (Thr) of the peptide chain. A scheme of codes for lectin determinants is illustrated as follows: (1) F (GalNAc alpha 1-->3GalNAc), Forssman specific disaccharide--Dolichos biflorus (DBL), Helix pomatia (HPL) and Wistaria floribunda (WFL) lectins. (2) A (GalNAc alpha 1-->3 Gal), blood group A specific disaccharide--Codium fragile subspecies tomentosoides (CFT), Soy bean (SBL), Vicia villosa-A4 (VVL-A4), and Wistaria floribunda (WFL) lectins. (3) Tn (GalNAc alpha 1-->Ser (Thr) of the protein core)--Vicia villosa B4 (VVL-B4), Salvia sclarea (SSL), Maclura pomifera (MPL), Bauhinia purpurea alba (BPL) and Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin, AIL). (4) T (Gal beta 1-->3GalNAc), the mucin type sugar sequences on the human erythrocyte membrane(T alpha), T antigen or the disaccharides at the terminal nonreducing end of gangliosides (T beta)--Peanut (PNA), Bauhinia purpurea alba (BPL), Maclura pomifera (MPL), Sophora japonica (SJL), Artocarpus lakoocha (Artocarpin) lectins and Abrus precatorius agglutinin (APA).(5) I and II (Gal beta 1-->3(4)GlcNAc)--the disaccharide residue at the nonreducing end of the carbohydrate chains derived from either N- or O-glycosidic linkage--Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA1), Datura stramonium (TAL, Thorn apple), Erythrina cristagalli (ECL, Coral tree), and Geodia cydonium (GCL). (6) B (Gal alpha 1-->3Gal), human blood group B specific disaccharide--Griffonia(Banderiaea) simplicifolia B4 (GSI-B4). (7) E (Gal alpha 1-->4Gal), receptors for pathogenic E. coli agglutinin, Shiga toxin and Mistletoe toxic lectin-I (ML-I) and abrin-a.
Subject(s)
Acetylgalactosamine/metabolism , Binding Sites , Carbohydrate Sequence , Galactose/metabolism , Humans , Lectins/metabolism , Molecular Sequence Data , Oligosaccharides/chemistry , Receptors, Mitogen/metabolismABSTRACT
La respuesta hemodinamica obtenida de la administracion de agentes vasodilatadores a pacientes con fallo congestivo cardiaco va a depender de su efecto relativo en las arteriolas y venas. Aquellos vasodilatadores que predominantemente causan dilatacion arteriolar, aumentan el debito cardiaco sin cambios significativos en la presion de cuna pulmonar. Aquellos que son vasodilatadores venosos disminuyen la presion de cuna pulmonar sin causar cambios significativos en el debito cardiaco. Los efectos hemodinamicos en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio y decompensacion cardiaca van a depender del valor o nivel inicial de la presion telediastolica del ventriculo izquierdo. El rastreo hemodinamico es indispensable en situaciones agudas, para determinar los efectos hemodinamicos de este tipo de terapia