ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#China bears the biggest atrial fibrillation (AF) burden in the world. However, little is known about the incidence and predictors of AF. This study aimed to investigate the current incidence of AF and its electrocardiographic (ECG) predictors in general community individuals aged over 60 years in China.@*METHODS@#This was a prospective cohort study, recruiting subjects who were aged over 60 years and underwent annual health checkups from April to July 2015 in four community health centers in Songjiang District, Shanghai, China. The subjects were then followed up from 2015 to 2019 annually. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, and the resting 12-lead ECG were collected. Kaplan-Meier curve was used for showing the trends in AF incidence and calculating the predictors of AF. Associations of ECG abnormalities and AF incidence were examined using Cox proportional hazard models.@*RESULTS@#This study recruited 18,738 subjects, and 351 (1.87%) developed AF. The overall incidence rate of AF was 5.2/1000 person-years during an observation period of 67,704 person-years. Multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.09; P < 0.001), male (HR, 1.30; 95% CI: 1.05-1.62; P = 0.018), a history of hypertension (HR, 1.55; 95% CI: 1.23-1.95; P < 0.001), a history of cardiac diseases (HR, 3.23; 95% CI: 2.34-4.45; P < 0.001), atrial premature complex (APC) (HR, 2.82; 95% CI: 2.17-3.68; P < 0.001), atrial flutter (HR, 18.68; 95% CI: 7.37-47.31; P < 0.001), junctional premature complex (JPC) (HR, 3.57; 95% CI: 1.59-8.02; P = 0.002), junctional rhythm (HR, 18.24; 95% CI: 5.83-57.07; P < 0.001), ventricular premature complex (VPC) (HR, 1.76; 95% CI: 1.13-2.75, P = 0.012), short PR interval (HR, 5.49; 95% CI: 1.36-22.19; P = 0.017), right atrial enlargement (HR, 6.22; 95% CI: 1.54-25.14; P = 0.010), and pacing rhythm (HR, 3.99; 95% CI: 1.57-10.14; P = 0.004) were independently associated with the incidence of AF.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The present incidence of AF was 5.2/1000 person-years in the studied population aged over 60 years in China. Among various ECG abnormalities, only APC, atrial flutter, JPC, junctional rhythm, short PR interval, VPC, right atrial enlargement, and pacing rhythm were independently associated with AF incidence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Incidence , Atrial Flutter/complications , Risk Factors , China/epidemiology , ElectrocardiographyABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effects of different right ventricular pacing sites on left ventricular systolic synchrony using tissue Doppler imaging(TDI).Methods A tota[of sixty-nine patients with indications for permanent pacemaker implantation were enrolled sequentially by Pace-ROAD study(Pacemaker-right ventricular outflow tract and apex study,a randomized control study).They were randomized to RVOT pacing group(group A)or RVA pacing group(group B).Echocardiographic study with TDl was performed before and after 3 month follow up,and the data were analysed off-line.The peak velocity(Vs),the time to the peak of S wave(Ts)of all 12 basal and middle segments of left ventricle were measured,and then the standard deviation of Ts(Ts-SD),the average of Vs(Vs-M)were calculated.Results Thirty-six patients were randomized to group A,while the other 33 patients to group B.In each group,one patient was rejected due to non-pacing rhythm during follow-up.After 3 month pacing,the Ts-SD of group A was significantly shorter than that of group B[(23.63±2.32)ms vs(31.54±2.93)ms.P=0.0387-].In the patients with the basal Ts-SD longer than 32.6 ms(group A2 and group B2),the Ts-SD was significantly shortened than the baseline in group A2 during follow-up,while no significant difference was found in group B2.And the follow-up Ts-SD of group B2 was significantly longer than that of group A2 r(38.19±18.34)ms vs(28.55±16.93)ms,P=0.0290].Conclusions RVOT pacing is associated with favorable left ventricular systolic synchrony than RVA pacing,especially in patients with worsened baseline systolic synchrony.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the left ventricular(LV)torsion in patients with permanent pacemaker implantation by speckle tracking imaging(STI).Methods Twenty-two patients with permanent pacemaker implantation were enrolled.Eleven of them had the pacing electrodes placed in the right ventricular(RV)apex(RVA group)and the others had the pacing electrodes placed in the RV outflow tract (RVOT group).Thirteen healthy subjects were studied as controls.The basal and apical shortaxis views of the left ventricle were acquired and analyzed using EchoPAC 7.0 station.Results ①The curves of LV torsion in the pacing groups were generally lower than those in the control group and notched.The torsion parameters of RVA group and RVOT group were all less than those of control group(Ptw:12.57±4.19°vs 12.43±5.46°vs 18.98±5.73°,all P＜0.05),but there were no significant differences between RVA group and RVOT group.The time of torsion was not changed in the pacing groups because there were no significant differences among the three groups.②The values of Ptw-a(peak twist of the apex)were gradually declined among control group,RVA group and RVOT group.There was statistical difference in Ptw-a between RVOT group and control group(7.40±4.27°vs 12.70±6.82°,P=0.0364).③The basal Tp-SD(standard deviation of times to peak twist)of RVOT group was significantly longer than that of control group[14.1(7.97～22.70)%vs 4.87(3.03～7.79)%,P=0.0298].And total Tp-SD of RVA group was significantly longer than that of control group[(7.6±6.5)%vs 2.26(1.62～3.51)%,P=0.0423].④The curves of torsion velocity in the pacing groups were obviously disorganized compared with control group.But there were no statistical differences in Ptv(peak twist velocity),Putv(peak untwisting velocity),Tptv(time to peak twist velocity)and Tutv(time to peak untwisting velocity)among the three groups.Conclusions The RV pacing tends to impair torsional synehrony of LV and depress LV torsion,though it doesn't change the timing of LV torsion.It may impair LV systolic and diastolic function.