ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Brainstem auditory evoked response(BAER) is used as screening test for hearing disorders, damages of the central nervous system and congenital anomalies. We studied the difference values according to gender and stimulation sites in normal full-term infants. METHODS: We performed BAER in 38 male and 28 female normal full-term infants, delivered in the Gil Medical Center, Gachen Medical School, from March to July 1996, aged one to seven days. Amplitude I, V, V/I and latency I, III, V and interpeak latency(IPL) I-III, III-V, I-V were measured at 90, 60, 45, 30 dB. Data were analyzed between both sex and between both ears with Student t-test. RESULTS: There were no significant difference in male and female group with the same side's stimulation. At 90 dB, amplitude I of left ear stimulation was significantly higher than right in male and female. Amplitude V/I of right ear stimulation was significantly higher than left ear stimulation in total only. At 90 dB, latency I of right was significantly longer than left in male and female. Latency III of right was longer significantly in total only. IPL I-III, I-V was significantly longer in left than right in male and total. At 60 dB intensity, all data except latency I in total, showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Interpreting BAER, stimulation site and intensity should be considered. and further studies will be needed for the evaluation of the difference between left and right ear.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Brain Stem , Central Nervous System , Ear , Evoked Potentials, Auditory , Hearing Disorders , Mass Screening , Schools, MedicalABSTRACT
Infantile hemangioendothelioma(IHE) of the liver is a rare benign vascular tumor that presents most commonly in infants before the age of 6 months. IHE presents as abdominal mass, cutaneous hemangiomas, unexplained jaundice, bleeding disorders, or congestive heart failure. Death often results from congestive heart failure despite appropriate treatment with digoxin and diuretics. IHE also is associated with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, anemia, intraperitoneal hemorrhage secondary to rupture, consumptive coagulopathy and vascular malformation involving brain, skin, gut, and other organs. Although children with asymptomatic lesions may experience spontaneous regression within a year, symptomatic lesions shoud be treated aggressively because this disease can progress rapidly and may be fatal. Treatment options are divided into medical treatment, interventional therapy including embolization, and surgical resection. Corticosteroid may hasten involution by inhibiting proliferation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and this trial is warranted in most cases before invasive procedures are used. If steroid therapy is unsuccessful, early definitive treatment using embolization or ligation of the hepatic artery, resectional surgery, and orthotopic liver transplantation shoud be considered. We experienced symptomatic IHE in two neonates. In the first case, she showed respiratory failure and consumptive coagulopathy, and symptoms were aggravated despite steroid therapy, so a left lobectomy was performed. In the second case, he presented high output cardiac failure, and was successfully treated by the coil embolization of left hepatic artery. This coil embolization of hepatic artery for treating IHE was the first case in Korea we know of.