Effects of Smoking Cessation Intervention Education Program Based on Blended Learning among Nursing Students in South Korea

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate whether a “smoking cessation intervention” education program based on blended learning, was effective in improving nursing students’ perceived competence and motivation to perform a smoking cessation intervention for smokers. METHODS: A quasi-experimental, pretest–posttest design was conducted. The smoking cessation intervention education program based on blended learning, was administered to the experimental group (n = 23) in 5 sessions, consisting of 2 courses of an e-learning program and 1 course of a face-to-face learning program per session. The control group (n = 21) received the opportunity to participate in an e-learning program as well as receiving material of a face-to-face learning program, after completion of the smoking cessation intervention education program. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significant differences in autonomous motivation (t = −6.982, p < 0.001), controlled motivation (t = −3.729, p = 0.001), and perceived competence compared to the control group (t = −3.801, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed that a smoking cessation intervention education program adopting blended learning, was significantly effective in enhancing nursing students’ autonomous motivation and perceived competence to conduct a smoking cessation intervention. Further studies are needed to confirm longitudinal effects of this program.

Factors Influencing Sexual Assertiveness of Women University Students in Nursing / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the level of sexual assertiveness in women students in nursing and also, to investigate factors that influence sexual assertiveness. METHODS: In this study, 373 women students in nursing who were enrolled in a university in B city, Korea and who gave written consent completed the questionnaire between May 15 and May 30, 2016. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression. RESULTS: The level of sexual assertiveness in the women students in nursing was 54.84±5.82. Sexual assertiveness showed negative correlations with gender role stereotypes (r=-.37, p<.001), and permissiveness of dating violence (r=-.15, p<.005), and a positive correlation with self-esteem (r=.36, p<.001). Models including the variables explained 18% of the variance for sexual assertiveness. Gender role stereotypes and self-esteem were the influential factors. CONCLUSION: Based on the outcomes of this study, it is necessary to design intervention programs that emphasize sexual assertiveness of women students in nursing.

Standardization Study of the Korean Version of the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale for Smoking Cessation (K-SOCRATES-S) and Its Predictive Validity

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to develop the Korean version of the Stage of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale for Smoking Cessation (K-SOCRATES-S) based on the Korean version of the Stages of Readiness for Change and Eagerness for Treatment scale (K-SOCRATES). This paper also demonstrates its reliability and validity among patients with nicotine dependence in South Korea. METHODS: At seven healthcare promotion centers in Gyeonggi-do, 333 male smokers aged 20 to 70 who visited smoking cessation clinic were recruited for this study and the K-SOCRATES-S was administered. After three months, the number of respondents who successfully stopped smoking was assessed by testing their urine cotinine level. Subsequently, exploratory factor analysis was performed to verify the reliability and validity of the K-SOCRATES-S. Also, a logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the variables that can predict the successful cessation of smoking on subscales of the K-SOCRATES-S. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis of the K-SOCRATES-S showed that the scale consisted of three factors: Taking Steps, Recognition, and Ambivalence. The scales measuring Taking Steps and Recognition in this scale had a significantly positive correlation with the scores observed on Kim's smoking cessation motivation scale. The scales measuring Taking Steps and Recognition had a significantly negative correlation with Ambivalence. Overall, the results indicate that the K-SOCRATES-K scale showed high validity. CONCLUSION: The K-SOCRATES-S developed in the present study is highly reliable and valid for predicting a patient's likelihood of success in quitting smoking among patients who want to cease smoking.

A Case of Vulvar Leiomyoma / 대한산부인과학회잡지

Vulvar leiomyoma is a rare benign solid tumor of the vulva. Their incidence is not known as most reports are of a single case or small series, and their origin is not known exactly. Most cases are asymptomatic and local excision is recommended as initial therapy and also for recurrences. We have experienced vulvar leiomyoma (the labia majora and vestibule of the vagina) in a 51 years old woman and present it with a brief review of the literatures.

Prenatal Diagnosis of Choledochal Cyst at 23 weeks by Sonography / 대한산부인과학회잡지

In the past few years a wide variety of fetal abnormalities have been successfully prenatal diagnosed by maternal sonography. Early excision of the choledochal cyst in the newborn is considered to be the optimal treatment and may pose less risk to the patient than delayed surgical exploration. We present a new case diagnosed a choledochal cyst at 23 weeks gestation by routine ultrasound scanning. At 38 weeks gestation a female infant was born by spontaneous delivery. At 7 weeks of age the patient underwent a laparotomy performed cyst excision with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. We experienced a case of choledochal cyst at prenatal sonography and report our case with a brief review of literature.

The Survey of Perception on Obstacles in Implementing Generic HACCP Plan for School Foodservice Operations

The purpose of this study was to identify obstacles by surveying dieticians' perception in implementing Generic HACCP Plan for school foodservice operations from 2001. The survey was conducted in five areas; Seoul, Kyoung-gi Province, In-cheon, Kwang-ju and Dae-jeon. Five hundred and sixty questionnaire were sent by the e-mail address and the local school dietician's Community Board on the internet, 263 were returned. Two hundred and forty were returned by E-mail, return rate was 42.86%. Twenty three were received by the local school dietician's Community Board on the internet. The obstacles were grouped of six fields and indicated thirteen factors in implementation of the Generic HACCP Plan for school foodservice. The six fields were 'status of cooperation within HACCP team', 'cooperation with the external people' such as teachers, food suppliers, student's parents, 'understanding HACCP system of the dieticians', 'hygiene facilities', 'training & educating employees', and 'difficulty of monitoring'. To assess the factor as a obstacle we used Likert's scale; 5-agree strongly, 4-agree, 3-medial, 2-don't agree, 1-don't agree strongly. Results of this study are as follows; 1) The scores of thirteen factors indicated as obstacles were over 3(medial) except 'lack of dietician's understanding about HACCP System(2.86+/-0.97)'. Also only about 63% dieticians recognized that as an obstacle factor. 2) 'Deficiency of hygiene facilities(4.41+/-0.76), 'lack of teachers' cooperation(4.23+/-0.77)', 'inadequacy of the kitchen lay-out(4.19+/-0.95)' and 'lack of training and educating program for employees(3.97+/-0.85)' scored most highly. Results from this study show that financial resources and educating system are very important to settle down HACCP system for School Foodservices successfully.

A clinical study of results after operation using Tension-free vaginal tape / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) placement for surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women. METHODS: A retrospective study of 38 cases with SUI underwent the TVT procedure underlying local anesthesia at Daedong and Sewoong Hospital from March 2000 to December 2000, followed up more than six months who included in the study. RESULT: Operation times ranged from 20 to 53 minutes with a mean of 37.5 minutes. The mean blood loss was 90 mL. One major complication was encountered -bladder perforation (2.5%) and urinary retention was developed in 4 cases (10.5%). Length of hospital stay ranged from 0.8 to 11.3 days with a mean of 1.8 days. On postoperative follow-up from 6.1 to 17.5 months, thirty-three patients (87%) were cured, four (10.5%) were significantly improved and one was failed (2.5%). CONCLUSION: Althouth the follow-up period was short, the TVT procedure seemed to be a safe and effective method for the treatment of stress urinary incontience.

Transrectal Sonographically Guided Drainage of Tuboovarian Abscess (TOA) / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: We report six patients with tuboovarian abscess (TOA) drained through sonographically guided transrectal route, in whom percutaneous or transvaginal approach was not accessible due to the risk of pelvic organ. METHOD: This procedure was performed under the guidance of transrectal ultrasound. Six patients with aged 25-42 years (mean 31.6 years), who had appendectomy(1), C/S(2), hyterectomy(1) and no operaion Hx(2). Size of abscess cavity was variable from three to eight centimeter. Catheter was removed when drainage amount was reduced less than 10 cc and the patient becomes afebrile. RESULT: Drainage was successfully done in all patients without any complication to the procedure. Fecal contamination was not occurred after transrectal drainage due to abdominal pressure and gravity ought to empty the abscess cavity. There was no problem in defecation due to the catheter and in its expulsion by defecation. Catheter was removed after 3-8 days (mean 6 days) without recurrent abscess. CONCLUSION: Transrectal drainage of abscess performed with ultrasound guidance is a safe, feasible procedure, which is well tolerated by patient and relatively easy procedure.