Factors Influencing Emergency Room Nurses’ Intention to Report Child Abuse / 임상간호연구

Purpose@#The purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing the intention to report child abuse of emergency room nurses based on the health belief model. @*Methods@#This was a descriptive study that used a cross-sectional design. A total of 188 emergency room nurses working at general hospitals with more than 300 beds in Seoul participated in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS 25.0 program. @*Results@#Correlations and regression analyses showed that the perceived severity (β=.14, p=.024), perceived barrier (β= -.25, p<.001), and self-efficacy (β=.31, p<.001) were factors influencing emergency room nurses’ intention to report child abuse, and the explanatory power of the model was 33.0%. @*conclusion@#The results of this study related to the health belief model, being a valid theoretical basis for child abuse reporting intention research, significantly suggest new research directions in the future. In addition, to increase the nurses' intention to report child abuse in the emergency room, the influencing factors identified in this study can be utilized and develop specific interventions using the health belief model.

The Longitudinal Mediating Effects of Perceived Parental Neglect on Changes in Korean Adolescents’ Life Satisfaction by Gender

Purpose@#The life satisfaction of Korean adolescents tends to decrease beginning in middle school, and this decrease has a negative effect on life satisfaction in adulthood. Gender and perceptions of parental neglect are important variables influencing the life satisfaction of adolescents in Korea. This study examined the longitudinal mediating effects of perceived parental neglect on the life satisfaction of male and female Korean adolescents to assess changes to the relationships between key variables over time. @*Methods@#The present study analyzed data from 2,215 adolescents from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey's fourth-year elementary school panel spanning their first year of middle school (2013) to the first year of high school (2016). A latent growth model was applied to Korean national data. @*Results@#The perceived parental neglect and life satisfaction intercepts differed by gender, and the intercept of perceived parental neglect influenced the life satisfaction intercept. The slope of perceived parental neglect, but not the life satisfaction slope, differed by gender, and the slope of perceived parental neglect influenced the life satisfaction slope. The Sobel method showed that the intercept of perceived parental neglect mediated gender differences in the life satisfaction intercept, and the slope of perceived parental neglect significantly influenced the gender difference in the life satisfaction slope. @*Conclusion@#Efforts to improve adolescent life satisfaction should be differentiated by gender regarding perceptions of parental neglect.

The Longitudinal Mediating Effects of Perceived Parental Neglect on Changes in Korean Adolescents’ Life Satisfaction by Gender

Purpose@#The life satisfaction of Korean adolescents tends to decrease beginning in middle school, and this decrease has a negative effect on life satisfaction in adulthood. Gender and perceptions of parental neglect are important variables influencing the life satisfaction of adolescents in Korea. This study examined the longitudinal mediating effects of perceived parental neglect on the life satisfaction of male and female Korean adolescents to assess changes to the relationships between key variables over time. @*Methods@#The present study analyzed data from 2,215 adolescents from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey's fourth-year elementary school panel spanning their first year of middle school (2013) to the first year of high school (2016). A latent growth model was applied to Korean national data. @*Results@#The perceived parental neglect and life satisfaction intercepts differed by gender, and the intercept of perceived parental neglect influenced the life satisfaction intercept. The slope of perceived parental neglect, but not the life satisfaction slope, differed by gender, and the slope of perceived parental neglect influenced the life satisfaction slope. The Sobel method showed that the intercept of perceived parental neglect mediated gender differences in the life satisfaction intercept, and the slope of perceived parental neglect significantly influenced the gender difference in the life satisfaction slope. @*Conclusion@#Efforts to improve adolescent life satisfaction should be differentiated by gender regarding perceptions of parental neglect.

Development of a Measurement of Suicidal Protection (MSP) for High School Students in Korea

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop and test a measurement of the suicidal protection(MSP) for high school students in Korea. METHODS: Thirty-four preliminary items were initially developed based on literature review and focus group interviews. Those items were evaluated by experts for content validity with 31 items yielded. For testing validity and reliability of the measurement, data were collected from 330 high school students in Korea. RESULTS: The item analysis selected 26 items. One item was deleted additionally through the primary exploratory factor analysis. The final exploratory factor analysis yielded 26 items in six factors such as fear of suicide, self-esteem, emotion regulation, support from others, support from family, and school life, explaining 66.6% of the total variance of the suicidal protection for high school students in Korea. Convergent validity and discriminant validity were supported by construct reliability, average variance extracted estimate, and standardized regression weight. MSP scores were positively associated with economic status, academic record and suicidal ideation. Also, criterion validity was supported through a significant correlation with the Reason for Living Inventory for Adolescent. The Cronbach's α reliability coefficient was .93 for the overall measurement and .72~.86 for the six factors. CONCLUSION: The results show that MSP may be valid and reliable for assessing suicidal protection of high school students.

Effects of the Variables related to the Health Action Process Approach Model on Physical Activity: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify effects of the variables of Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Model on physical activity. METHODS: This study has conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Sixteen articles were searched through electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of science, Science Direct, RISS, KMBASE, KoreaMed, KISS, DBpia) and additional journals from 2000 to July, 2017. To estimate the effect size (ES), the meta-analysis of the studies was performed by using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis programs. RESULTS: The overall effect size of the variables of HAPA on physical activity was median (ES=.28). Of the core variables of HAPA model, action control (ES=.43) showed the largest effect size, followed by coping self-efficacy (ES=.31) and planning (ES=.31).Additional variables were identified as preparatory behavior (ES=.39) and past physical activity (ES=.24). Through the moderator effect analysis, the effect size was higher in the volitional phase than in the motivational phase, and higher in the healthy group than in the patient group. The higher the proportion of males and the lower the age, the larger the effect size. CONCLUSION: This finding shows empirical evidence that all core variables of the HAPA model are useful for predicting physical activity. We propose the use of the HAPA model to develop physical activity promotion intervention.

Historical Review of Modern Public Health Nursing / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to examine the modern history of public health(PH) and suggest a way forward for PH nursing(PHN). METHODS: This paper is a review article that derives results from literature review. RESULTS: In the period of beginning (up to 1944), PHN began as the PH Department was created in the Hygiene Bureau in 1908 and tasks about nurses were legislated. PHN was limited to infectious disease tasks and performed mostly by missionaries. In the period of foundation formation (1945 to 1961), the Republic of Korea was founded, and PH policies and tasks were defined with the establishment of the central government organization and the applicable laws. In the period of foundation establishment (1962 to 1979), the Regional PH Act was amended, and as a result, PH Centers(PHCs) spread across the country. In the period of foundation expansion (1980 to 1994), the PH referral system of PHCs, PH Units, and Primary Health Care Post was established. In the period of organization in each area (1995 to 2005), PH programs reflecting changes in disease structure and public needs for the quality of life. A regional health care plan was launched. In the period of funtion expansion (2006 to present day), Centers for support health living were established. CONCLUSIONS: In the future, PH nurses need to have a macroscopic perspective that views PH through the overall PH system, and to expand from the existing healthcare concept to the national and global healthcare one.

The Trends in Research on the Health of North Korean Refugees

PURPOSE: This study aims to identify the general characteristics, subjects, and methods of research on the health of North Korean refugees through a systematic literature review. METHODS: A total of 140 studies on health were reviewed using the analytical framework developed by the researchers. RESULTS: The quantitative research comprised 90.7% of the studies, whereas the qualitative research were 7.9% of them. Approximately 81.4% of those reviewed have publication dates spanning 2006 to 2015. Only 13.6% of the studies were conducted with the approval of an institutional review board. The subjects of studies were psycho-social health (151.8%), behavioral health (28.5%), cognitive health (15.0%), physical health (12.2%), integrated health (7.8%), and spiritual health (2.8%). Within the quantitative studies reviewed, the most commonly used study design was survey research (86.0%). The two sampling methods used most often were convenience sampling (53.5%) and snowball sampling (19.4%), and the most commonly used data-collection method were questionnaires (94.6%). As for the qualitative studies, the most commonly used study design was phenomenology. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that the reviewed studies focused on physical health more than psycho-social health, and physiological measurement more than questionnaires. Ethical considerations need to be expanded.

Effects of Dietary and Physical Activity Interventions on Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-analysis

PURPOSE: This study identified effects of dietary and physical activity interventions including dietary interventions or physical activity interventions alone or combined dietary-physical activity interventions to improve symptoms in metabolic syndrome including abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, and elevated fasting glucose through meta-analysis. METHODS: Articles on metabolic syndrome X published from 1988 to 2013 were searched through electronic databases, Google Scholar, and reference reviews. Methodological quality was assessed by the checklist, SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network). RESULTS: In the meta-analysis, there were 9 articles reporting 13 interventions with 736 participants. Using random effect models, the dietary and/or physical activity interventions showed a lower mean difference in waist circumference ( - 1.30 cm, 95% CI: - 2.44~ - 0.15, p =.027). The combined dietary-physical activity interventions showed a lower mean difference in waist circumference ( - 2.77 cm, 95% CI: - 4.77~ - 0.76, p =.007) and systolic blood pressure ( - 5.44 mmHg, 95% CI: - 10.76~ - 0.12, p =.044). Additionally, interventions of over 24 weeks yielded a lower mean difference in waist circumference ( - 2.78 cm, 95% CI: - 4.69~ - 0.87, p =.004) and diastolic blood pressure ( - 1.93 mmHg, 95% CI: - 3.63~ - 0.22, p =.026). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that dietary and/or physical activity interventions for metabolic syndrome reduce central obesity with no adverse effects. This finding provides objective evidences for dietary and physical activity management on metabolic syndrome as an efficient intervention.

Effects of Health Status and Health Behaviors on Depression Among Married Female Immigrants in South Korea

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of health status and health behaviors on depression in married female immigrants in South Korea. METHODS: Sampling 316 immigrant women from the Philippines, Vietnam, China, and other Asian countries, a cross-sectional research design was used with self-report questionnaires that assessed sociodemographic characteristics, health status, health behaviors, and depression. RESULTS: There were significant differences in stillbirth experience, induced abortion, morbidity, perceived health status, meal skipping, and physical activity between depressed and nondepressed immigrant women. After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, stillbirth experience, poorer perceived health status, more meal skipping, and less physical activity were associated with greater depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Both health status and health behaviors had significant impacts on depression, suggesting that development of nursing interventions and educational programs should be targeted towards improving maternal health, healthy lifestyle, and subjective health perception to promote married female immigrants' psychological well-being.

Factors Affecting Health Promotion Behavior among Workers with High Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Based on Theory of Planned Behavior

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting health promotion behavior among workers with high risk of metabolic syndrome. This study was based on the planned behavior theory. METHODS: The participants were 167 workers at high risk of metabolic syndrome. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Surveyed variables were attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intention, and health promotion behavior. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 22.0. RESULTS: Perceived behavioral control affected the intention of health promotion behavior among the workers with high risk of metabolic syndrome. It explained 62% of variance in the intention of health promotion behavior (F=40.09, p<.001). Perceived behavioral control and occupation affected health promotion behavior among the risk workers with high risk of metabolic syndrome. The two factors explained 16% of variance in health promotion behavior (F=4.95, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that perceived behavioral control is the only factor affecting health promotion behavior when the theory of planned behavior was applied. Therefore, intervention programs for improving health promotion behavior should be focused on strengthening perceived behavioral control.

Development of a Health Literacy Assessment Scale for Asian Immigrant Women in South Korea

PURPOSE: This study developed a self-report measure for easy assessing of the health literacy of Asian immigrant women in South Korea. METHODS: After a literature review, focus group interviews, and content validity evaluation, 14 preliminary items were generated. These were translated into Chinese, Vietnamese, and English. Data were collected from 229 Asian immigrant women. Validity and reliability tests were conducted. RESULTS: Factor analysis yielded final 10 items in three factors: primary functional and interactive health literacy, secondary functional and interactive health literacy, and critical health literacy, which explained 61.90% of the total variance of health literacy. In known-group comparisons, health literacy was significantly lower in recent immigrants, those with a low education level, and those with low Korean language proficiency. For convergent validity, health literacy was positively associated with health specific self-efficacy and maternal health knowledge. For criterion-related validity, health literacy was positively associated with the REALM-SF. The overall reliability coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) of the instrument was .773. CONCLUSION: The Health Literacy Assessment Scale for Asian Immigrant Women (HLAS) represents a multidimensional construct which encompasses functional, interactive, and critical health literacy. This self-report HLAS can be a useful and convenient method for appraising the health literacy of Asian immigrant women.

Factors related with Health Literacy in Asian Immigrant Women in Korea

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify health literacy levels of Asian immigrant women in Korea and factors related with health literacy in them among other sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: Data were drawn from 671 immigrant women who came from China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and other Asian countries (M age=28.1+/-5.89) using REALM-R, which consisted of 8 medical words and was translated into Korean (score range: 0~8). Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and multiple regression. RESULTS: The average score of health literacy was 5.0+/-2.61. Time since immigration, country of origin, education level, and Korean language proficiency significantly predicted levels of health literacy in Asian immigrant women (adjusted R square=.200, p<.001). CONCLUSION: When health care professionals provide health care services and health education, they should consider levels of health literacy and factors related with health literacy in Asian immigrant women.

Health Behaviors and Related Factors among Asian Immigrant Women in Korea by Ethnicity

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and diet and to identify sociodemographic factors related with health behaviors among Asian immigrant women in Korea by ethnicity. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using structured questionnaires was conducted in 396 immigrant women from China, Vietnam, and the Philippines to Korea through international marriage. The associations between health behaviors and sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence of current smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and abnormal diet were 4.2%, 7.6%, 49.3%, and 31.9%, respectively. The prevalence of current smoking (7.6%) and physical inactivity (56.7%) was highest in Chinese immigrant women. However, the prevalence of current smoking (2.7%) and alcohol consumption (3.8%) were lowest in Vietnamese immigrant women. Immigrant women who had been living in Korea for a long time since immigration (> or = 5 years) had a higher prevalence of alcohol consumption compared to those of who had been living in Korea for a short time since immigration (< 5 years) (OR=2.95, 95% CI=1.74-5.01). CONCLUSION: Health promotion programs for immigrant women should be differentiated based on health behaviors and their related factors by ethnicity.

Leisure Activities, Cognitive Function and Depression in Female Elderly / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate cognitive function, leisure activities and depression in female elderly, to examine the relationships among those variables and to investigate leisure activities and depression according to cognitive function. METHODS: The subjects were 105 female elderly visiting two senior citizen centers in Seoul, Korea. Data were collected from November to December 2006. The participants were assured of anonymity and confidentiality. All information was collected through face-to-face interviews using questionnaires. RESULTS: 26.0% of the participants were cognitive impaired but not demented and 17.3% were demented. The level of depression was severe and 77.9% of the subjects were depressed. The subjects were not actively engaging in leisure activities. There were significant correlations between cognitive function, leisure activities and depression in female elderly. Demented or CIND subjects were more actively engaging in extra family fulfillment type leisure activities than normal subjects, CONCLUSION: These findings showed the need for a program for female elderly regarding leisure activities. When counseling the elderly, nurses must consider their cognitive function, leisure activities and depression.

A Study on Nutrition and Health Evaluation of Osteoarthritis Elderly in Community

No abstract available.

Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins and Magnesium Supplementation on Fasting Blood Glucose and Lipids in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of antioxidant vitamins and magnesium supplementation on fasting blood glucose and lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: This study is a unequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Seventy-one subjects with type 2 diabetes who were recruited from home visiting clients of a public health center, completed the trial. The experimental group entered a 12-week treatment period with antioxidant vitamins and magnesium and the control group with no antioxidant vitamins and magnesium. RESULTS: Serum level of fasting blood glucose decreased from 134.7 mg/dl to 125.0 mg/dl and total-cholesterol decreased from 215.5 mg/dl to 198.2 mg/dl in the experimental group. No changes in fasting blood glucose and total-cholesterol were demonstrated in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: A short-term supplementation with antioxidant vitamins and magnesium can reduce fasting blood glucose and total-cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes. The continuous effect of this supplementation and the beneficial effect on the prevention of diabetes complication still needs to be demonstrated.

The Present Situation of Infection Control Professionals, Organization, and Activities in Korean Acute Care General Hospitals / 병원감염관리

BACKGROUND: It has been more than 15 years since infection control was first introduced in Korea, but there is little information available on the status of infection control program in the country. METHODS: Included in the study were 139 acute care hospitals with more than 300 inpatient beds. A questionnaire, modified from US SENIC (Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control) and Canadian RICH (Resources for Infection Control in Canadian Acute Care Hospitals) survey, was mailed to the hospitals in the winter of 2003. RESULTS: Ninety-eight (70.5%) of 139 hospitals responded. There was an average of 1.2 (SD, 0.7) Infection Control Practitioners (lCPs) in each hospital and 95.7% were nurses and only 56.5% of the ICPs worked as full-time. The 71.4% of the hospitals had a position for Infection Control Doctor. All hospitals had an Infection Control Committee, which met an average of 3.7 (SD, 1.7) times a year. The 85.7% of the hospitals performed surveillance, but only 31.6% were monitoring surgical site infections. Review of microbiology data was the most common method for case-finding. More than 90% of the hospitals had infection control policies and guidelines, but an adherence to the policies and guidelines was not monitored regularly. CONCLUSION: This study reports the first comparable profile of infection control program of general acute care hospitals in Korea. Although the foundation for infection control program appears to have been established, there is the need for a further increase in the number of ICPs, the standardization of the surveillance method, and the promotion of adherence to the infection control guidelines.

Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins & Minerals Supplementation on Blood Pressure and Lipids in the Elderly with Hypertension

No abstract available.

Nutritional Risk and Its Contributing Factors in the Low-income Elderly in Urban Areas

PURPOSE: This study was to evaluate the nutritional status of low-income elders in urban areas and factors affecting their nutritional risk. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted. The subjects were 300 elders selected from home visiting clients of DongJack Public Health Center. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing questions on socio-demographic characteristics. health behavior and disease. dietary pattern. Nutritional Screening Initiative. Geriatric Depression Scale and Barthel Index for ADL. Collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. chi2-test and multiple regression analysis using SPSS. RESULTS: Of the subjects, 63% had high nutritional risk, 21.3% moderate nutritional risk, and 15.7% good nutritional risk. NSI score was significantly different according to economic status, subjective health condition, medication, dental health, depression. regularity of diet and meal with family. Multiple regression analysis revealed that depression, subjective health condition, dental health and regularity of diet and meal with family explain 38.1% of nutritional risk. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to evaluate nutrition status and to control nutritional risk factors such as depression, dental health, regularity of diet and meal with family for improving the health of the low-income elderly.

Nosocomial Infection Research Activities in Laboratory of Nosocomial Infection Pathogens in NIH of Korea / 병원감염관리

No Abstract available.