ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease. Its association with low level of testosterone is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum total testosterone, free testosterone index [FTI], and sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG] in Iranian men with type 2 diabetic.A case-control study was conducted on 38 non-diabetic and 36 diabetic men aged 40-60 years old with Body Mass Index [BMI] 18-40 [kg/m2]. Fasting serum total testosterone, SHBG, FBS [Fasting Blood Sugar], HbA1C, and other hormone tests were measured. Logistic regression adjusted models was used to asses the association of total testosterone, free testosterone and SHBG level with type 2 diabetes.The mean age of participants was 47.7+/-5.7 years. Serum total testosterone, FTI, and SHBG had no difference between case and control groups. There was no significant difference in total testosterone, FTI and SHBG between the patient with and without glycemic control.Logistic regression analysis showed an inverse relationship for total testosterone in the lower tertile concentration and type 2 diabetes, but adjustment of HbA1c eliminated the correlation between total testosterone and diabetes. According to logistic regression analysis, SHBG and FTI were not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes.Our findings suggest that serum testosterone level of the type 2 diabetics may not be lower than healthy subjects in Iranian men
ABSTRACT
Nutritional status during adolescence plays an important role in human lifecycle. The aim of this study was Nutritional status and dietary intake among adolescent girls. In a cross sectional study, using two stage cluster sampling 256 adolescent girls were randomly selected from 8 Semnan secondary schools. Weight and height were measured and body mass index [BMI] was calculated. In adolescents, anthropometric indices were defined based on the CDC 2000 cut-off points for age and gender-specific BMI. Data of energy and nutrient intake was collected with the 24-hour dietary recall and food record questionnaires. The results showed that the prevalence of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese was 5.7%, 77.7%, 11.7%, and 4.7% in Semnan adolescent girls, respectively. In comparison with DRI recommended values, the intake of energy and some micronutrients such as vitamin B12, folate, calcium, zinc, and fiber was insufficient among adolescent girls in Semnan. Malnutrition [underweight and overweight] is higher than the expected rate. Findings of our study showed that micronutrients deficiency among adolescent girls is a major problem among adolescent girls in Semnan and prevention measures are necessary to induct