Doppler sonography in early detection of hepatic metastases after colorectal carcinoma.

It is known that the presence of even small hepatic metastases may lead to subtle changes in liver blood flow and it is possible that by monitoring these hemodynamic changes, an earlier detection of liver metastases may be feasible. As only half of the curatively resected patients develop liver metastases, many patients are over- treated and better methods to predict an individual patients risk for developing liver metastases are urgently needed. To treat occult metastases at an early stage, adjuvant chemotherapy has been given after curative resection of primary tumors, which is recommended now for some cases of colorectal carcinoma. The fact that duplex perfusion index for controls and patients with overt liver metastases is clearly separated suggested that Doppler ultrasonographic measurement can identify patients with overt hepatic metastases. This study showed a marked correlation between tumor staging and elevated Doppler perfusion index in colorectal carcinoma patients without liver metastases. This group of patients should be followed up to elaborate the results

Spiral computed tomography in bronchogenic carcinoma, diagnosis and staging.

CT allows for the examination of the whole chest within a single breath-hold. As compared with standard CT, spiral CT has an increased sensitivity for the detection of pulmonary nodules, small mediastinal and bronchopulmonary lymph nodes and pleural involvement that improves the characterization of lesion morphology. Increased reconstruction frequency of spiral CT volume data sets improves the detection of pulmonary lesions and enhances the diagnosis. Spiral CT is an ideal supplement to bronchoscopy. The comparison of CT scans with the pathological examination is essential for staging. Twenty-three patients with suspected bronchogenic carcinoma clinically and after plain chest X-ray were examined by spiral CT scanner, diagnosed and characterized

Intracranial gliomas: MRI study

Gliomas represent one-third to 45% of all intracranial tumours. MRI has improved the detection and localization of intrinsic primary glial tumours, but has not yet been proven to add specificity beyond what can be obtained with Ct. The signal abnormalities produced by glial neoplasms can be devided into five types: intrinsic neoplasm; neoplasm-associated cysts; necrotic neoplasm; neoplasm-induced neovascularity with BBB breakdown and contrast enhancement; and neoplasm-produced edema. This study highlights some of the features of the intracranial gliomas on MR scanning

Orbital tumors: CT and MR study

Computed tomography demonstrates the orbits well, but carriers the recognized risks of ionizing radiation, this being particularly important if serial examinations are anticipated. This disadvantage is avoided by the use of MRI. MRI has a great deal to offer in the assessment of eye and orbital disease. It demonstrates accurately the size, position and extension of orbital tumours and their relationship to various orbital structures because of high contrast between the different tissues. CT scanning and MR imaging were performed on 15 patients in whom orbital tumours were suspected on time basis of clinical, ophthalmoscopic and sonographic findings

role of CT in nodular lung lesions

One of the most frequent indications for thoracic CT is the detection and characterization of lung nodules. CT is more sensitive than plain chest radiography or whole lung tomography for detecting pulmonary nodules. CT will find up to 40% more nodules than will whole lung tomography, which will find 20% more nodules than plain chest radiography. The problem remains that most small uncalcified nodules are benign. Biopsy is needed to prove benignancy or malignancy unless unequivocal calcification is present. CT can aid in the search for calcification in some cases. Patients with malignancies having a high incidence of lung metastases should be considered for CT scans whether the plain chest radiography is normal or abnormal. This includes primary bone tumours, soft tissue sarcomas, renal cell carcinomas and melanomas. All patients with known tumours should receive CT regardless of plain chest radiographic findings. CT is used in many protocols to follow progression of tumour. Of practical notes, solitary pulmonary nodules seen on chest CT and appearing more than 1 year after the discovery of an extrathoracic neoplasm are more often a bronchogenic carcinoma than a metastatic lesion. CT adis in finding multiple nodules when they are present, as well as in obtaining biopsy proof of the disease process

Uterine ballonning: an unusual hysterosalpingraphic finding in cases of infertility

On interpertation of the hysterosalpingograhic studies for cases of infertility three types of uteine ballonning were observed. These functional uterine lesions include; the diffuse regular, diffuse irregular and comual types. A trial therapy with methergine tabelts daily during the five fertile days around the mid-cycle resulted in three pregnancies, an observation which suggests the hypotoncity of uterus resulting in such ballonning

Relative merits of different modalities for diagnosis of sellar and suprasellar tumours

Even after the availability of CT, numertous authers indicated the need for poisitive contrast CT studies or pneumoencephalography to define the presence and locations of the lesion within the suprasellar cistern. In most cases, CT not only is diagnostic but shows the extent of the lesion. In occasional cases, CT following intrathecel metrizamide with axial and coronal sections obviates the need for other invasive studies

Computarised tomography in diagnosis of medulloblastoma

CT characteristics of medulloblastoma, while not pathogenomic, are highly typical of the tumour. The density and contrast enhancement properties are similar for both the midline and lateral medulloblastomas. Most frequently the lesin is of slightly increased density and the contrast material enhance uniformly

Evaluation of selective salpingraphy technique in assessment of tubal patency

The authors modified the original hysterosalpingography technique to fit the clinical and operative need for a definite tubal patency test. They gave it the name "Selecitve Salpingography". They used a maliable polythene tube moulded to pass from the cervix to the uterotubal junction and they inject the contrast medium directly each tube while the patient is in the Trendelenberg's position. Tubal patency was proved by this technique in 92 out of 99 cases of unilateral obstruction and in 53 out of 81 cases of bilateral obstruction diagnosed by the conventional technique. This technique was particularly helpful to diagnose tubal patency in cases of severe cervical incompetence

Fetal sex determination

Two different techniques have been used for fetal sex determination: a. Single plain radiography of the abdomen of the pregnant lady at her third trimester of gestation has been taken after giving her Di-iodohydroxyquinolin compound for three successive days prior to radiography. The correct fetal sex was reached in 112 out of 126 examined cases i.e. 89% b. Sonographic scanning of the pregnant abdomen using either direct method or the railed one has been performed in 500 pregnant ladies. Correct results were reached in 196 out of 300 examined cases by the direct method i.e. 65%. The railed technique proved to be simple and accurate and the correct results were reached in 190 out of the examined 200 cases

Role of radiology in diagnosis of prostatitis

Prostatitis is a vague angima in urology and a very insignificant condition in radiology. Three cases of acute prostatitis and 15 cases of chronic prostatitis have been examined clinically and by radiology. Patients with prostatic secretion containing an increased number of pus cells and with positive culture for bacteria were included in this study. It was observed that radiology is of no help in the diagnosis, however, associated or complicating conditions can be revealed