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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 43(12): 1173-1177, Dec. 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-569001

ABSTRACT

Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe complication resulting from Plasmodium falciparum infection. This condition has been associated with cognitive, behavioral and motor dysfunctions, seizures and coma. The underlying mechanisms of CM are incompletely understood. Glutamate and other metabolites such as lactate have been implicated in its pathogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of glutamate in the behavioral symptoms of CM. Seventeen female C57BL/6 mice (20-25 g) aged 6-8 weeks were infected with P. berghei ANKA by the intraperitoneal route using a standardized inoculation of 10(6) parasitized red blood cells suspended in 0.2 mL PBS. Control animals (N = 17) received the same volume of PBS. Behavioral and neurological symptoms were analyzed by the SmithKline/Harwell/Imperial College/Royal Hospital/Phenotype Assessment (SHIRPA) battery. Glutamate release was measured in the cerebral cortex and cerebrospinal fluid of infected and control mice by fluorimetric assay. All functional categories of the SHIRPA battery were significantly altered in the infected mice at 6 days post-infection (dpi) (P ≤ 0.05). In parallel to CM symptoms, we found a significant increase in glutamate levels in the cerebral cortex (mean ± SEM; control: 11.62 ± 0.90 nmol/mg protein; infected at 3 dpi: 10.36 ± 1.17 nmol/mg protein; infected at 6 dpi: 26.65 ± 0.73 nmol/mg protein; with EGTA, control: 5.60 ± 1.92 nmol/mg protein; infected at 3 dpi: 6.24 ± 1.87 nmol/mg protein; infected at 6 dpi: 14.14 ± 0.84 nmol/mg protein) and in the cerebrospinal fluid (control: 128 ± 51.23 pmol/mg protein; infected: 301.4 ± 22.52 pmol/mg protein) of infected mice (P ≤ 0.05). These findings suggest a role of glutamate in the central nervous system dysfunction found in CM.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Behavioral Symptoms/physiopathology , Cerebral Cortex/chemistry , Cerebrospinal Fluid/chemistry , Glutamic Acid/metabolism , Malaria, Cerebral/metabolism , Plasmodium berghei , Malaria, Cerebral/cerebrospinal fluid , Malaria, Cerebral/physiopathology
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 62(6): 1331-1339, dez. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-576029

ABSTRACT

Four experimental groups of equines were used in order to study morphological abnormalities and apoptosis in lamellar tissue. Group Cg (control) was composed of animals without any surgical procedure; group Ig (instrumented), animals that underwent enterotomy; group Tg (treated), animals that were subjected to intestinal obstruction and were treated with hydrocortisone; and group Ug (untreated), animals that were subjected to intestinal obstruction without treatment. The lamellar tissue was analyzed regarding the presence of tissue abnormalities and apoptosis. No morphological abnormalities were observed in animals of surgical groups, and no difference in apoptosis was observed between groups. It was concluded that intestinal obstruction allowed laminitis to develop, probably by systemic activation, and that the maneuvers performed in the enterotomy aggravated the process. Hydrocortisone did not aggravate the lesions of the lamellar tissue.


Foram utilizados quatro grupos de equinos para estudar alterações morfológicas e apoptose no tecido lamelar. O grupo CG (controle) foi composto por animais sem o procedimento cirúrgico; o grupo Ig (instrumentado), por animais submetidos à enterotomia; o grupo Tg (tratado), por animais submetidos à obstrução intestinal e tratados com hidrocortisona; e o grupo Ug (não tratado), por animais submetidos à obstrução intestinal, sem tratamento. O tecido laminar foi analisado quanto à presença de alterações morfológicas e de apoptose. Foram observadas alterações morfológicas nos equinos submetidos a procedimento cirúrgico, mas não houve diferença entre os grupos com relação às células apoptóticas. Conclui-se que a obstrução intestinal permite o desenvolvimento da laminite provavelmente por ativação sistêmica e que as manobras realizadas na enterotomia podem ser consideradas como agravantes no processo. A hidrocortisona não agravou as lesões do tecido laminar.


Subject(s)
Animals , Apoptosis , Hydrocortisone/therapeutic use , Intestinal Obstruction/complications , Horses
3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 60(3): 626-630, jun. 2008. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-487932

ABSTRACT

The present study was designed to determine whether DMSO causes an inhibition on the development of fever in rabbits. The intravenous administration of LPS (1.5µg.kg-1 body weight) caused fever in both saline+LPS and DMSO+LPS group, but the onset and magnitude of the induced fever were significantly different. The saline+LPS group presented a prototypic biphasic fever whereas the DMSO+LPS group presented an attenuated febrile response, but it was not abolished. These results suggest that DMSO may provide a protective mechanism against pyrogen LPS, probably through the modulation of NF-kB mediated events, such as fever.


Estudaram-se os efeitos do DMSO na resposta febril induzida pela administração intravenosa de LPS em coelhos. A administração intravenosa de LPS (1,5µg.kg-1 peso vivo) causou febre mesmo na presença do DMSO. No entanto, o início e a magnitude da febre induzida foram significativamente menores no grupo tratado com DMSO enquanto o LPS isolado induziu resposta febril bifásica. Estes resultados sugerem que o DMSO pode exercer um mecanismo protetor contra a ação pirogênica do LPS, provavelmente por meio da modulação dos eventos mediados pelo NF-kB, entre eles, a febre.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dimethyl Sulfoxide/adverse effects , Fever/chemically induced , Injections, Intravenous/methods , Lipopolysaccharides/administration & dosage , Lipopolysaccharides/adverse effects , Rabbits
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 39(6): 795-799, June 2006. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-428270

ABSTRACT

The present study investigates the antinociceptive effect of the pyrazolyl-thiazole derivative 2-(5-trichloromethyl-5-hydroxy-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-(4-bromophenyl)-5-methylthiazole (B50) in mice. Male albino Swiss mice (30-40 g) were used in the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhes and tail-immersion tests. B50 caused dose-dependent antinociception (8, 23 and 80 µmol/kg, sc) in the acetic acid writhing assay (number of writhes: vehicle: 27.69 ± 6.15; B50 (8 µmol/kg): 16.92 ± 3.84; B50 (23 µmol/kg): 13.85 ± 3.84; B50 (80 µmol/kg): 9.54 ± 3.08; data are reported as means ± SEM for 9 animals per group). On the other hand, B50 did not cause antinociception in the tail immersion assay. Naloxone (2.75 µmol/kg, sc) prevented B50-induced antinociception (number of writhes: vehicle-saline: 31.11 ± 3.15; vehicle-naloxone: 27.41 ± 3.70; B50 (80 µmol/kg)-saline: 8.70 ± 3.33; B50 (80 µmol/kg)-naloxone: 31.84 ± 4.26; morphine-saline: 2.04 ± 3.52; morphine-naloxone: 21.11 ± 4.26; 8-9 animals per group). The removal of the methyl group of the thiazole ring of B50 or substitution of the bromo substituent with the methyl at position 4 of the phenyl group, which is attached to the thiazole ring of B50, resulted in loss of activity, suggesting that these substituents are important for antinociceptive activity. B50 had no effect on spontaneous locomotion or rotarod performance, indicating that the antinociceptive effect of B50 is not related to nonspecific motor effects. The antinociceptive profile of B50 seems to be closer to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs than to classic opioid agents, since it had no analgesic effect in a thermally motivated test.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Analgesics/pharmacology , Pain Measurement/drug effects , Pyrazoles/pharmacology , Thiazoles/pharmacology , Acetic Acid , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Motor Activity/drug effects , Naloxone/pharmacology , Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology , Pyrazoles/chemistry , Reaction Time , Thiazoles/chemistry
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 56(6): 723-732, dez. 2004. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-394417

ABSTRACT

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da injeção epidural de amitraz (0,4mg/kg), xilazina (0,05mg/kg) ou dimetil sulfóxido 10 por cento (5,0ml) sobre a freqüência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), freqüência respiratória (FR), motilidade ruminal (MR), temperatura retal (TR), altura de cabeça (AC) e latência das respostas a estímulos nociceptivos nas regiões da coxa (LECC) e coroa do casco (LRRM) de vacas. Houve diminuição da FC e da MR nos grupos xilazina e amitraz. O tratamento com xilazina resultou em alterações na FR, PAS e AC. LECC e LRRM foram maiores nos tratamentos com agonistas alfa-2. Nas doses utilizadas, o amitraz aumentou a latência de resposta a estímulo nociceptivo em menor grau que a xilazina, sem induzir efeitos colaterais sistêmicos severos, em vacas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Anesthetics/administration & dosage , Anesthetics/pharmacokinetics , Anesthetics/toxicity , Cattle , Dimethyl Sulfoxide/administration & dosage , Dimethyl Sulfoxide/analysis , Injections, Epidural , Pharmacokinetics , Xylazine/administration & dosage , Xylazine/analysis , Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/administration & dosage , Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/analysis
6.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 56(5): 676-678, out. 2004. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-392733

ABSTRACT

A concentração inibitória mínima-MIC em 30 estirpes de Pseudomonas aeruginosa isoladas de mastite bovina foi avaliada utilizando o E-test padrão e o método modificado, pela adição de Tris-EDTA e DMSO. Os métodos modificados apresentaram redução significativa da MIC das estirpes utilizando a gentamicina, a ciprofloxacina e a norfloxacina.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Mastitis, Bovine , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Ciprofloxacin , Dimethyl Sulfoxide , Edetic Acid , Gentamicins , Norfloxacin
7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 54(1): 29-34, fev. 2002. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-324253

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicaçäo de prostaglandina na primeira hora pós-parto sobre a incidência de retençäo de placenta 8 e 12 horas pós-parto. Foram utilizadas 82 vacas como controle e 82 vacas tratadas com 25mg de prostaglandina (LUTALYSEr, 5ml). Vacas tratadas com PGF2a liberaram a placenta mais rápido (P<0,10) do que as näo tratadas (7,72ñ0,84 vs. 10,07ñ1,09h). A incidência de retençäo de placenta com mais de oito horas foi 30,5 por cento no grupo-controle e 17,1 por cento no grupo-tratado (P<0,05) e com mais de 12 horas, 19,5 por cento no grupo-controle e 12,2 por cento no grupo-tratado (P<0,10). Verificou-se também que fazenda, índice de condiçäo corporal e ordem de lactaçäo tiveram influência na ocorrência de retençäo de placenta, mas näo se verificou efeito do sexo do bezerro nem da ajuda ao parto. Estes dados mostram que o tratamento com prostaglandina na primeira hora pós-parto pode ser usado como preventivo da retençäo de placenta


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Placenta, Retained , Prostaglandins
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