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1.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 76(5): e20220567, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1515023

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives: to discuss the content of manuals, with emphasis on orthopedics, in support of the development of nursing care culture. Methods: cultural-historical method articulated with document analysis technique. The sources were nursing manuals - Portuguese, French, English, and Spanish - from 1875 to 1928. Results: this study pointed to 12 works - 6 authored by physicians, 2 by nurses, 3 institutional, and 1 by a Sister of Charity - that presented, in a transversal way, the professionalization process initiated in Europe. The manuals addressed first aid care and immobilization methods, from the simplest, such as improvised splints, to the application of plaster casts. Conclusions: the nurses' work, even in a limited capacity, showed that they were able to observe warning signs so that doctors could act, with some exceptions.


RESUMEN Objetivos: discutir los contenidos de los manuales, con énfasis en la ortopedia, en beneficio del desarrollo de la cultura de cuidados de enfermería. Métodos: método histórico-cultural articulado a la técnica de análisis documental. Las fuentes fueron los manuales de enfermería - portugueses, franceses, ingleses y españoles -, en el período de 1875 a 1928. Resultados: este estudio señaló 12 obras - 6 de autoría de médicos, 2 de enfermeras, 3 institucionales y 1 de una Hermana de la Caridad - que presentaron, de manera transversal, el proceso de profesionalización iniciado en Europa. Los manuales abordaron cuidados en primeros auxilios y formas de inmovilización, desde las más simples, como las tablillas improvisadas, hasta la aplicación del aparato de yeso. Conclusiones: la actuación de las enfermeras, aunque limitada, demostraba que eran capaces de observar las señales de alerta para que los médicos pudieran actuar, exceptuando algunas situaciones.


RESUMO Objetivos: discutir os conteúdos dos manuais, com ênfase na ortopedia, em prol do desenvolvimento da cultura dos cuidados de enfermagem. Métodos: método histórico-cultural articulado à técnica de análise documental. As fontes foram os manuais de enfermagem - portugueses, franceses, ingleses e espanhóis -, no período de 1875 a 1928. Resultados: este estudo apontou para 12 obras - 6 de autoria de médicos, 2 de enfermeiras, 3 institucionais e 1 Irmã de Caridade - que apresentaram, de forma transversal, o processo de profissionalização iniciado na Europa. Os manuais abordaram cuidados nos primeiros socorros e maneiras de imobilização, desde as mais simples, como as talas improvisadas, até a aplicação do aparelho gessado. Conclusões: a atuação das enfermeiras, mesmo que de forma limitada, mostrava que elas eram capazes de observar os sinais de alerta para que os médicos pudessem atuar, salvo algumas exceções.

2.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 66(6): 837-847, Nov.-Dec. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403257

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: We investigated the effects of aerobic training on adipokine concentrations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Subjects and methods: 120 women, including 60 with PCOS and 60 without PCOS, were divided into six groups (n = 20) based on body fat percentages of 22%-27%, 28%-32%, and 33%-37%. All groups were submitted the same evaluations before and after 16 weeks of aerobic training. These included anthropometric and hemodynamic analyses, cardiopulmonary tests, and laboratory tests. Two-way analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the differences between women with and without PCOS, effect of the body fat percentage, and effect of aerobic training. Results: Body fat and PCOS were associated with high values of blood glucose, insulin, and testosterone. Body fat also reduced adiponectin levels and increased leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In contrast, the PCOS increased only TNF-α and IL-6 levels. In the PCOS group, aerobic training reduced insulin, triglycerides, leptin, and IL-6 levels. It also promoted an increase in adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein levels. However, aerobic training did not alter TNF-α concentrations. Conclusion: The body fat potentiates metabolic impairments that may be harmful to women with PCOS. Aerobic training appears to promote an important beneficial effect on the metabolic regulation of adipokines, except TNF-α.

3.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 29(5): 568-575, jul.-set. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1423783

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La rehabilitación cardíaca de fase I es un programa hospitalario que tiene como objetivo reducir los efectos que se pueden derivar del reposo prolongado en cama e instruir al paciente para el ingreso a la fase ambulatoria de rehabilitación. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de la rehabilitación cardíaca de fase I en pacientes sometidos a revascularización miocárdica y cambios valvulares, mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Método: La revisión incluyó ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados que analizaran los efectos de la rehabilitación cardíaca de fase I. Se emplearon las bases de datos Scopus, ScienceDirect, Embase y Embase classic OVID. La búsqueda se limitó a los artículos publicados entre los años 2000 y 2017, en inglés, portugués y español. Los estudios que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión recibieron un análisis de la calidad metodológica, el nivel de evidencia y el grado de recomendación según las escalas PEDro y Scottish. Resultados: Fueron elegibles 298 artículos, de los cuales cuatro fueron seleccionados y analizados; todos estos incluyeron población que había sido sometida a revascularización quirúrgica cardíaca y dos a población con reparación o reemplazo valvular quirúrgico. En cuanto a la calidad metodológica, dos fueron categorizados como de buena calidad con un nivel de evidencia 1+ y 1++ y un grado de recomendación A y B. Los protocolos de tratamiento utilizados fueron las técnicas respiratorias, los ejercicios activos de extremidades y la deambulación. Conclusiones: La literatura analizada sugiere incluir los procesos de rehabilitación cardíaca de fase I, lo cual puede mejorar la función pulmonar y disminuir la ansiedad, variable que se asoció de manera directa con la estancia hospitalaria en los pacientes posquirúrgicos cardíacos.


Abstract Introduction: The phase I of cardiac rehabilitation have the proposed decrease the effects on the bed rest and better adherence at the phase II. Objective: To analyze the effects of phase I CR in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization and valve changes, through a systematic review of the literature. Method: The review includes randomized clinical trials looking at the effects of phase I. The base date Scopus, Science Direct, Embase & Embase classic OVID. The search was limited between 2000 and 2017, in English Portuguese and Spanish. Results: 298 articles were were eligible, and only four were selected and analyzed. The articles included a population with bypass coronary and two articles with surgery to valve replacement or repair. Regarding quality methodology, Two were rated to be good quality with an evidence level of 1+ and 1++ and a degree of recommendation A y B. The protocols used for treatment include breathing techniques, upper and lower limps exercise and ambulation. Conclusions: The phase I cardiac rehabilitation, could improve lung function and reduce anxiety, this is associated directly with stay hospital post-surgical cardiac patients

4.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 75(1): e20201161, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1341039

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the health conducts for combating the Spanish flu and its relationship with the COVID-19 pandemic in Rio de Janeiro. Methods: study from the perspective of microhistory, with analysis of articles published in Revista da Semana on the Spanish flu, having as criteria publications with the term "epidemic" referring to the Spanish flu or influenza in the period of the epidemic outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, Federal District. Results: 18 records, organized in three thematic axes: political, 4; social, 11; care, 3, were found. Final considerations: the lessons left by the Spanish flu epidemic in coronavirus times will be changes in the political, social and care field as marks of major epidemics.


RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la conducta sanitaria para combatir la gripe española y su relación con la pandemia COVID-19 en Río de Janeiro. Métodos: estudio desde la perspectiva de la microhistoria, con análisis de los artículos publicados en la Revista da Semana sobre la gripe española, utilizando como criterio las publicaciones con el término "epidemia" referida a la gripe española o influenza en el período de la epidemia y brote circunscrito en Río de Janeiro, Distrito Federal. Resultados: se encontraron 18 registros organizados en tres ejes temáticos: político, 4; social, 11; de atención, 3. Consideraciones finales: las lecciones dejadas por la epidemia de gripe española en tiempos de coronavirus serán los cambios en el ámbito político, social y asistencial como marcas de las grandes epidemias.


RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as condutas sanitárias para o combate da gripe espanhola e sua relação com a pandemia de COVID-19 no Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: estudo na perspectiva da micro-história, com análise de matérias publicadas na Revista da Semana sobre a gripe espanhola, tendo como critérios publicações com o termo "epidemia" referente à gripe espanhola ou à influenza no período do surto epidêmico e circunscrita no Rio de Janeiro, Distrito Federal. Resultados: foram encontrados 18 registros organizados em três eixos temáticos: político, 4; social, 11; de cuidados, 3. Considerações finais: as lições deixadas pela epidemia da gripe espanhola em tempos de coronavírus serão de mudanças no campo político, social e dos cuidados como marcas das grandes epidemias.

5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 116: e200584, 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250360

ABSTRACT

In the present study, we investigated the genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax metacaspase 1 (PvMCA1) catalytic domain in two municipalities of the main malaria hotspot in Brazil, i.e., the Juruá Valley, and observed complete sequence identity among all P. vivax field isolates and the Sal-1 reference strain. Analysis of PvMCA1 catalytic domain in different P. vivax genomic sequences publicly available also revealed a high degree of conservation worldwide, with very few amino acid substitutions that were not related to putative histidine and cysteine catalytic residues, whose involvement with the active site of protease was herein predicted by molecular modeling. The genetic conservation presented by PvMCA1 may contribute to its eligibility as a druggable target candidate in vivax malaria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Plasmodium vivax/genetics , Malaria, Vivax , Genetic Variation/genetics , Brazil , Protozoan Proteins/genetics , Catalytic Domain
6.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 64(1): 4-10, Jan.-Feb. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088773

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to investigate polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to explore the relationship between body fat percentage and metabolic markers. Subjects and methods Sedentary women were assigned to PCOS (N = 60) and CONTROL (N = 60) groups. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups according to body fat percentage (22-27%, 27-32% and 32-37%). The protocol consisted of assessments of glucose, insulin, androgens, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results The PCOS subgroups showed higher concentrations of androgens, LH and 17-OHP. Leptin showed direct relationship with increased body fat percentage, whereas adiponectin showed the inverse effect. However, both were unaffected by PCOS. TNF-α and IL-6 were higher in PCOS women and showed a direct relationship with increased body fat percentage. Glucose showed direct relationship with body fat percentage, whereas insulin presented higher values in PCOS women and direct relationship with increased body fat percentage. Conclusions Our findings indicate that PCOS and body fat percentage directly influence concentrations of insulin, TNF-α and IL-6, whereas leptin and adiponectin are influenced only by the increase in body fat percentage in these women. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2020;64(1):4-10


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Biomarkers/blood , Adipose Tissue/anatomy & histology , Metabolic Diseases/blood , Insulin Resistance , Luteinizing Hormone/blood , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Interleukin-6/blood , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone/blood , Leptin/blood , Adiponectin/blood , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood , Glucose/analysis , Androgens/blood , Insulin/blood
7.
Rev. enferm. UERJ ; 27: e38847, jan.-dez. 2019. ilus
Article in Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1005286

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: identificar a participação dos enfermeiros nos espaços assistenciais e sociopolíticos do cuidado no campo da saúde, no Distrito Federal, por meio das matérias jornalísticas, de 1920 a 1940. Método: estudo histórico com ênfase na serialidade da documentação do fenômeno investigado, tendo por fonte histórica as matérias jornalísticas localizadas na Hemeroteca Digital da Biblioteca Nacional do período de 1920 a 1940. Resultados: foram identificadas 13 notícias, organizadas em quatro temáticas: Entidade de classe civil, Entidade da classe militar, Instituição de Saúde Civil e Instituições de saúde militar. Conclusão: as diversas trajetórias percorridas pelos enfermeiros do sexo masculino, titulados pela Escola Profissional de Enfermeiros e Enfermeiras, demonstraram a participação do homem, como enfermeiro, na formação da identidade profissional da enfermagem e do cuidado como campo de atividade de homens e mulheres.


Objective: to identify male nurses' participation in care settings and the socio-political dimensions of health care in the Federal District, through journalistic pieces, from 1920 to 1940. Method: this historical study emphasized the seriality of documentation of the study phenomenon, taking as its historical source the journalistic materials in the National Library' Digital Archive of Periodicals for the period 1920 to 1940. Results: 13 news items were identified, and organized into four themes: civil vocational entity, military vocational entity, civil health institution and military health institutions. Conclusion: the diverse trajectories of male nurses, graduates of the Nursing Profession School, demonstrated the participation of men, as nurses, in shaping the identity of the nursing profession and care as a field of activity for men and women.


Objetivo: identificar la participación de los enfermeros en los espacios asistenciales y sociopolíticos del cuidado en el campo de la salud, en el Distrito Federal, mediante las materias periodísticas, de 1920 a 1940. Método: estudio histórico con énfasis en la serialidad de la documentación del fenómeno investigado, teniendo como fuente histórica los artículos periodísticos encontrados en la Hemeroteca Digital de la Biblioteca Nacional del período de 1920 a 1940. Resultados: se identificaron 13 noticias, organizadas en cuatro temáticas: Entidad de clase civil, Entidad de la clase militar, Institución de Salud Civil e Instituciones de salud militar. Conclusión: las diversas trayectorias recorridas por los enfermeros del sexo masculino, diplomados por la Escuela Profesional de Enfermeros y Enfermeras, demostraron la participación del hombre, como enfermero, en la formación de la identidad profesional de la enfermería y del cuidado como campo de actividad de hombres y mujeres.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Schools, Nursing , History of Nursing , Nurses, Male , Retrospective Studies
8.
Rev. enferm. UERJ ; 27: e39281, jan.-dez. 2019. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1009801

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: examinar os estudos desenvolvidos sobre a imagem pública da enfermeira brasileira veiculada em revistas ilustradas das décadas de 1910 e 1920, no Distrito Federal brasileiro. Método: realizada pesquisa documental, mediante análise historiográfica, com ênfase em publicações do início do século XX. Resultados: ratificaram a concorrência da enunciação da imagem pública da enfermeira nas circunstâncias da I Guerra Mundial, da Gripe Espanhola e também da Reforma Sanitária, liderada por Carlos Chagas, por meio dos efeitos simbólicos dos marcadores institucionais representados pelo uso do véu, gorro e touca. A liderança que prevaleceu na enunciação da imagem pública da enfermeira foi a investida pela Escola Prática de Enfermeiras da Cruz Vermelha Brasileira. Conclusão: direciona-se para além da concorrência entre as instituições de ensino, apontando vestígios para disputas em outro campo, o das relações internacionais.


Objective: to examine studies of Brazilian nurses' public image published in illustrated magazines in the 1910s and 1920s in Brazil's Federal District. Method: documentary research was conducted by historiographic analysis, with emphasis on early 20th century publications. Results: the studies ratified the presence of competition in the enunciation of nursing's public image in the circumstances of World War I, the Spanish Flu and also the Sanitary Reform led by Carlos Chagas, through the symbolic effects of institutional markers represented by the use of the veil, nurse's cap and mob-cap. The leadership that prevailed in enunciating nurses' public image was the one invested in by the Brazilian Red Cross Nurses' Practical School. Conclusion: pointing beyond competition among educational institutions, this indicates traces of disputes in another field, international relations.


Objetivo: examinar los estudios desarrollados sobre la imagen pública de la enfermera brasileña vehiculada en revistas ilustradas de las décadas de 1910 y 1920, en el Distrito Federal brasileño. Método: se realizó una investigación documental, mediante análisis historiográfico, con énfasis en publicaciones de principios del siglo XX. Resultados: ratificaron la competencia de la enunciación de la imagen pública de la enfermera en las circunstancias de la 1a Guerra Mundial, de la Gripe Española y también de la Reforma Sanitaria, encabezada por Carlos Chagas, por medio de los efectos simbólicos de los marcadores institucionales representados por el uso del velo y gorro. El liderazgo que prevaleció en la enunciación de la imagen pública de la enfermera fue el de la Escuela Práctica de Enfermeras de la Cruz Roja Brasileña. Conclusión: se dirige más allá de la competencia entre las instituciones de enseñanza, señalando vestigios para disputas en otro campo, el de las relaciones internacionales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , History, 20th Century , Schools, Nursing , Nursing , Historiography , History of Nursing , Red Cross/history , Brazil , Nurses
9.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 29(5): 570-577, Sept.-Oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057835

ABSTRACT

Abstract Solvents play important and critical role in natural product chemistry and could generate artefacts during the extraction and purification of metabolites from a biological matrix. This study aimed to correlate the chromatographic profile with biological activity of Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br., Convolvulaceae, extracts obtained with hydroethanolic extraction. Thus, aerial parts of I. pes-caprae were extracted with different concentration of ethanol (50, 70 and 90°GL) and the obtained extracts were analysed by HPLC-UV. HPLC data were studied employing chemometrics to discriminate the samples. Moreover these samples were further characterized by using UPLC-QTOF/MS data. The extracts were also biomonitored through the paw-oedema and spontaneous nociception induced by trypsin in mice. Different chromatographic profiles were obtained and the exploratory analysis clearly revealed higher level of ethyl caffeate in extracts of lower strength of ethanol (50°GL). This compound was suggested to be an artefact formed by transesterification of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives present in the plant, once it was not observed when other solvents were employed. During the biological assay, only the extract obtained with ethanol 50°GL presented significant inhibition of inflammation (45 ± 9%) and nociception (24 ± 3%). Ethyl caffeate seems to be linked to the anti-inflammatory effect since it reduced 86 ± 5% of paw-oedema induced by trypsin. Artefacts could contribute to the biological activity of herbal preparations and consequently lead to misinterpretation of the results.

10.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 112(4): 424-429, Apr. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001275

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) women have a high prevalence of obesity and alterations in cardiovascular autonomic control, mainly modifications in heart rate variability (HRV) autonomic modulation. However, there are few studies about other autonomic control parameters, such as blood pressure variability (BPV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). In addition, there are still doubts about the obesity real contribution in altering autonomic control in these women. Objective: To investigate BPV and BRS autonomic modulation alterations in PCOS women, as well as, to evaluate whether these alterations are due PCOS or increased body fat. Methods: We studied 30 eutrophic volunteers [body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2] without PCOS (control group) and 60 volunteers with PCOS divided into: eutrophic (BMI < 25 kg/m2, N = 30) and obese women (BMI > 30 kg/m2, N = 30). All volunteers were submitted to anthropometric evaluation, hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory parameters record at rest and during physical exercise, analysis of HRV, BPV and spontaneous BRS. The differences in p less than 5% (p < 0.05) were considered statistically significant. Results: Related to eutrophics groups, there were no differences in autonomic parameters evaluated. The comparison between the PCOS groups showed that both PCOS groups did not differ in the BPV analysis. Although, the obese PCOS group presented lower values of spontaneous BRS and HRV, in low frequency and high frequency oscillations in absolute units. Conclusion: Our results suggest that obesity did little to alter HRV in women with PCOS, but it may influence the spontaneous BRS.


Resumo Fundamento: As mulheres com síndrome do ovário policístico (SOP) apresentam alta prevalência de obesidade e alterações no controle autonômico cardiovascular, principalmente modificações na modulação autonômica da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC). No entanto, existem poucos estudos sobre outros parâmetros de controle autonômico, como a variabilidade da pressão arterial (VPA) e a sensibilidade barorreflexa (SBR). Além disso, ainda há dúvidas sobre a real contribuição da obesidade na alteração do controle autonômico dessas mulheres. Objetivo: Investigar as alterações da modulação autonômica da VPA e SBR em mulheres com SOP, bem como avaliar se essas alterações se devem à SOP ou ao aumento da gordura corporal. Métodos: Foram estudadas 30 voluntárias com peso normal [índice de massa corporal (IMC) < 25 kg/m2] sem SOP (grupo controle) e 60 voluntárias com SOP, divididas em: mulheres com peso normal (IMC < 25 kg/m2, N = 30) e mulheres obesas (IMC > 30 kg/m2, N = 30). Todas as voluntárias foram submetidas à avaliação antropométrica, com registro de parâmetros hemodinâmicos e cardiorrespiratórios em repouso e durante exercício físico, e análise da VFC, VPA e SBR espontânea. As diferenças de p < 5% (p < 0,05) foram consideradas estatisticamente significantes. Resultados: Em relação aos grupos com peso normal, não houve diferenças nos parâmetros autonômicos avaliados. A comparação entre os grupos SOP mostrou que ambos os grupos não diferiram na análise da VPA. No entanto, o grupo SOP obeso apresentou menores valores de SBR espontânea e VFC nas oscilações de baixa e alta frequências, em unidades absolutas. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que a obesidade pouco influenciou a VFC em mulheres com SOP, mas pode afetar a SBR espontânea.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/physiopathology , Blood Pressure/physiology , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Baroreflex/physiology , Obesity/physiopathology , Reference Values , Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology , Spirometry , Exercise/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Anthropometry , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Exercise Test , Heart Rate/physiology
11.
REME rev. min. enferm ; 23: e-1259, jan.2019.
Article in English, Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1048245

ABSTRACT

O estudo tem como objeto a representação da imagem da enfermeira com seus atributos, por meio de charges em cenas do cuidado veiculadas na Revista Fon-Fon (1920-1931). OBJETIVO: identificar as charges pelo conteúdo de representações de enfermeiras veiculadas na imprensa ilustrada; analisar as circunstâncias de sua veiculação sobre as enfermeiras nas charges; comentar as representações como elementos simbólicos para a construção da imagem pública da enfermeira. MÉTODO: domínio da história da cultura visual a partir da busca de charges de enfermeira na revista Fon-Fon. Essas charges foram analisadas mediante matriz de análise. RESULTADO: a busca resultou em três imagens datadas de 1921, 1929 e 1931, que após analise se identificou a circunscrição do contexto da Reforma Sanitária liderada por Carlos Chagas. CONCLUSÃO: as representações das enfermeiras nas charges foram elementos protagonizantes para os aspectos ocorridos no âmbito sociopolítico e sanitário.(AU)


The study has as its object the representation of the nurse's image with its attributes through cartoons in scenes of care published in the Revista Fon-Fon (1920-1931). Objective: to identify cartoons by the content of representations of nurses in the illustrated press; to analyze the circumstances of its broadcasting about the nurses in the cartoons; and to comment on the representations as symbolic elements for the construction of the public image of the nurse. Method: mastery of the history of visual culture through the search for nurse cartoons in the Revista Fon-Fon. These cartoons were analyzed by analysis matrix. Result: the search resulted in three images dated 1921, 1929 and 1931 which, after analysis, allowed identifying the circumscription of the context of the Sanitary Reform led by Carlos Chagas. Conclusion: the nurses' representations in the cartoons were the main elements for the socio-political and sanitary aspects.(AU)


El estudio tiene como objeto la representación de la imagen de las enfermeras con sus atributos por medio de caricaturas en escenas de cuidado publicadas en la revista Fon-Fon (1920-1931). Objetivo: identificar las caricaturas por el contenido de las representaciones de enfermeras publicadas en la prensa ilustrada; analizar las circunstancias de su divulgación en las ilustraciones; comentar las representaciones como elementos simbólicos para la construcción de la imagen pública de la enfermera. Método: dominio de la historia de la cultura visual a partir de la búsqueda de caricaturas de las enfermeras en la revista Fon-Fon. Estas caricaturas fueron analizadas por la matriz de análisis. Resultado: la búsqueda resultó en tres imágenes de 1921, 1929 y 1931 dónde, después de analizarse, se identificaron la circunscripción del contexto de la Reforma Sanitaria dirigida por Carlos Chagas. Conclusión: las representaciones de las enfermeras en las caricaturas fueron los elementos principales para los eventos ocurridos en el ambiente sociopolítico y sanitario.(AU)


Subject(s)
Schools, Nursing , Symbolism , Nurse's Role , Scientific Communication and Diffusion , History of Nursing , Nursing
12.
Motriz (Online) ; 24(4): e101809, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-976254

ABSTRACT

Muscular strength (MS) and jump power (JP) tests are used to assess athletic ability and measure the effectiveness of training programs. However, their use in various sport modalities needs to be investigated further. This study aimed to explore the changes in MS and JP during three different moments of a macrocycle training session and verify the validity of the tests used to predict the effectiveness of basketball training programs. Methods: During macrocycle training (three different moments), sixteen basketball players were evaluated for MS (measured using isokinetic dynamometry at the speed of 60°/s) during concentric contraction of knee flexor and extensor muscles and JP, using countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) on a force platform. Results: Peak torque and maximal work values for knee extension and flexion showed no differences, during the three moments analyzed. Additionally, no changes were observed for CMVJ. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the effectiveness of basketball training programs does not seem to be related to the performance achieved by athletes on the tests used. Moreover, the lack of changes in MS and JP values during the macrocycle could be related to the training structure used; volume, intensity, density and workload specificity.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Basketball , Exercise Test/methods , Muscle Strength/physiology , Athletes , Exercise/physiology
13.
Braspen J ; 32(1): 42-48, jan.-mar. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-847918

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A Educação Alimentar e Nutricional (EAN) deve estar inserida em diversos setores públicos, dentre esses a Sala de Espera, que consiste em área física com pessoas que aguardam atendimento profissional. Esse espaço pode ser utilizado para ajudar pacientes e familiares, em situações que exijam maior atenção de cuidados de saúde, incluindo a nutrição. Pacientes candidatos ou já submetidos ao transplante hepático são grupo vulnerável que deve compreender o tratamento e aprender a manejar os cuidados necessários por toda a vida, especialmente os dietéticos. Método: Estudo descritivo com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, cujas atividades desenvolvidas consistiram em oficinas com diferentes temáticas. O público-alvo foi de pacientes candidatos ou já submetidos ao transplante hepático e que aguardavam atendimento médico na Sala de Espera. A efetividade das oficinas foi avaliada por meio de testes de conhecimento pré e pós-oficina, utilizando-se o teste t Student para verificar a média de acertos obtidos antes e após as oficinas, considerando-se 5% como valor de significância. Ademais, foram analisados comentários e sugestões deixadas pelos participantes de forma a avaliar as representações dos pacientes em relação às oficinas. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 62 pacientes (23 pré-transplante e 39 pós-transplante hepático). A idade média foi 45,7 anos, sendo 32 pacientes do sexo masculino e 30 do sexo feminino. Verificou-se que, após as oficinas, os participantes, tanto pré como póstransplante, tiveram melhor desempenho nos testes de conhecimento (p<0,05). Conclusões: A Sala de Espera revelou-se como espaço de construção de conhecimento, compartilhamento de experiências, sentimentos, dúvidas e socialização dos saberes técnico-científico e popular.


Introduction: The Food and Nutrition Education must be inserted in various public sectors, among others, the Waiting Room, consisting of physical area with people waiting for a professional service. This space can be used to help patients and families, in situations that require greater attention to health care, including nutrition. Patient candidates or already undergoing liver transplantation are vulnerable group that should understand the treatment and learn how to handle the necessary care for life, especially dietary. Methods: A descriptive study with quantitative and qualitative approach developed whose activities consisted of workshops with different themes. The audience was patient candidates or already undergoing liver transplantation and waiting for medical care in the Waiting Room. The effectiveness of the workshops was assessed by pre-and post-workshop knowledge tests, using the student t test to verify the mean score obtained before and after the workshops, considering 5% significance level. In addition, we analyzed comments and suggestions left by participants to assess the representations of patients in relation to the workshops. Results: The sample consisted of 62 patients (23 pre-transplant and 39 post-liver transplantation). The mean age was 45.7 years, 32 male and 30 females. It was found that after the workshops, participants from both pre-and post-transplant showed better performance in the knowledge tests (p<0.05). Conclusions: The Waiting Room proved as a space to build knowledge, share experiences, feelings, doubts, and socialization of scientific-technical and popular knowledge.


Subject(s)
Humans , Food and Nutrition Education , Nutritional Status , Liver Transplantation , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Epidemiology, Descriptive
14.
Rev. bras. educ. fís. esp ; 30(2): 287-294, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-787959

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este estudo objetivou avaliar o conhecimento e as atitudes de estudantes de Educação Física de Universidades públicas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, em relação ao traumatismo dentário e uso de protetor bucal. Foram entrevistados 373 graduandos de três universidades públicas do Rio de Janeiro, através de questionário semiestruturado e padronizado. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados (SPSS 16.0), sendo obtida a frequência (%) e a relação dos mesmos (Teste qui-quadrado, p < 0,05). Apenas 3,21% dos entrevistados haviam recebido informação sobre traumatismo dentário e utilização do protetor bucal durante a graduação. Com relação à atitude dos graduandos, responderam corretamente apenas 19,83% a conduta frente a uma avulsão; 54,69% ao manuseio do dente avulsionado e 7,77% ao transporte do dente avulsionado. Ao se comparar essas atitudes em razão do período de graduação (< 5º período ou ≥ 5º período), informações prévias de trauma e experiências prévias de trauma, não se observou diferença significativa (p > 0,05). Tratando de prevenção, 89,81% conheciam o protetor bucal, embora apenas 17,96% o utilizavam durante atividades esportivas. Conclui-se que os alunos não recebem tais informações durante a graduação, mesmo possuindo em sua grade curricular a disciplina de primeiros socorros. Cabe aos cirurgiões dentistas desenvolver ações para que este conhecimento supra as necessidades dos futuros profissionais de educação física.(AU)


Abstract To evaluate the knowledge and attitudes in a group of Brazilian physical education undergraduate students, relative to dental trauma and use of mouthguard. A total of 373 undergraduates from three public universities of Rio de Janeiro were interviewed by means of a semi-structured standardised questionnaire. The data were tabulated and analyzed using the statistical program SPSS, 17.0. Frequency was performed and it was also applied the qui-quadrado (p < 0.05) test, to establish a relation between variables of interest. Only 3.21% of the interviewees had been given information on dental trauma and use of mouth protector during their undergraduate course. With regard to their attitudes, only 19.83% responded correctly about how to act towards a tooth avulsion; 54.69% about how to manage the avulsed tooth, and 7.77% about how to transport the avulsed tooth. By comparing these attitudes in relation to the undergraduate period (before or after the 5th semester), previous information and experience on dental trauma, it was observed no significant difference (p > 0.05). With regard to prevention, 89.81% knew mouthguard although only 17.96% wore it during sport activities. The students were given no information during their undergraduation course, even though the curriculum has the discipline of first aid. The dentist are supposed to develop actions so that such knowledge meets the needs of the future physical education practitioners.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Physical Education and Training , Sports , Tooth Avulsion , Mentoring
15.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 20(1): 66-72, Jan.-Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-778377

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To assess functional capacity in the preoperative phase of pulmonary surgery by comparing predicted and obtained values for the six-minute walk test (6MWT) in patients with and without postoperative pulmonary complication (PPC) METHOD: Twenty-one patients in the preoperative phase of open thoracotomy were evaluated using the 6MWT, followed by monitoring of the postoperative evolution of each participant who underwent the routine treatment. Participants were then divided into two groups: the group with PPC and the group without PPC. The results were also compared with the predicted values using reference equations for the 6MWT RESULTS: Over half (57.14%) of patients developed PPC. The 6MWT was associated with the odds for PPC (odds ratio=22, p=0.01); the group without PPC in the postoperative period walked 422.38 (SD=72.18) meters during the 6MWT, while the group with PPC walked an average of 340.89 (SD=100.93) meters (p=0.02). The distance traveled by the group without PPC was 80% of the predicted value, whereas the group with PPC averaged less than 70% (p=0.03), with more appropriate predicted values for the reference equations CONCLUSIONS: The 6MWT is an easy, safe, and feasible test for routine preoperative evaluation in pulmonary surgery and may indicate patients with a higher chance of developing PPC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Postoperative Complications/physiopathology , Exercise Test/methods , Walk Test , Time Factors
16.
J. health inform ; 8(supl.I): 1011-1018, 2016. ilus, mapas
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-906768

ABSTRACT

A pesquisa objetivou a aplicação de técnicas de geolocalização a partir do rastreamento em tempo real das ambulâncias do SAMU 192 em Maceió - AL, permitindo a visualização de informações em um dashboard online para auxiliar na tomada de decisão e regulação dos atendimentos móveis de emergência pré-hospitalar. A pesquisa foi classificada como desenvolvimento tecnológico que gerou um produto funcional para implantação no SAMU. No proceder metodológico, as tecnologias adotadas para a consecução dos objetivos envolveram a instalação de smartphones Android nas ambulâncias com um cliente de rastreamento GPS e a sua integração com um mapa das ocorrências atendidas pelo SAMU pelo período de um mês. Como resultado, foi possível implantar um dashboard para visualização por parte dos gestores e técnicos do SAMU do mapeamento dos atendimentos a partir do posicionamento geográfico das ambulâncias, contribuindo para maximização da eficiência na logística dos atendimentos e racionalização dos custos de operação da central regional.


The research aimed to the geolocation techniques application from the real-time SAMU 192 ambulances trackingin Maceió-AL, allowing to view online information on dashboard to assist in decision making and regulation of medical care pre-emergence hospital. The research was classified as a technological development that generated a functional product for deployment in the SAMU. Methodological proceeding involved technologies for the achievement of the objectives such as installation of Android smartphones in ambulances with a GPS tracking client and its integration with na event map attended by the SAMU for a period of one month. As a result, it was possible to deploy a dashboard for viewingby managers and technicians of the SAMU mapping of calls from the geographical positioning of ambulances, helping tomaximize efficiency in the logistics of care and rationalization of regional central operating costs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Information Systems , Ambulances , Emergency Medical Services , Geographic Mapping , Congresses as Topic , Cell Phone , Mobile Applications
17.
Stomatos ; 19(37): 29-39, Jul.-Dec. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-784004

ABSTRACT

Avaliar o efeito antibacteriano de antissépticos bucais sobre bactérias facultativas por meio de testes de difusão em ágar e teste por exposição direta. Metodologia: Cepas de S. mutans (ATCC 25175), E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) e P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) foram inoculadas em 7 mL de brain heart infusion (BHI) e incubadas a 37°C por 24 horas. Para o teste de difusão em ágar, 15 placas de Petri com 20 mL de brain heart infusion agar (BHIA) foram inoculadas com 0,1 mL das suspensões microbianas, com auxílio de swabs esterilizados, de modo a se obter um crescimento confluente e uma placa de Petri não foi inoculada. Trinta e seis discos de papel com 9 mm de diâmetro foram imersos nas soluções experimentais de cloreto de cetilpiridínio 0,07%, cloreto de cetilpiridínio 0,075%, gluconato de clorexidina 0,12% e cloreto de benzalcônio 0,13% durante 1 minuto. A seguir, três discos de papel contendo uma das soluções irrigantes foram colocados sobre a superfície do BHIA. As placas foram mantidas por 1 hora em temperatura ambiente e incubadas a 37°C por 48 horas. Os diâmetros dos halos de inibição microbiana foram medidos valendo-se de duas medidas de forma perpendicular entre si, sendo obtida a média de seus comprimentos. Para o teste de exposição direta, 216 cones de papel absorventes esterilizados nº 50 foram imersos na suspensão de micro-organismos por 5 minutos, e a seguir foram colocados em placas de Petri e cobertos com 10 mL de uma das soluções testes. Em intervalos de 1, 5, 10 e 30 minutos, 3 cones de papel absorventes foram retirados do contato com as substâncias, transportados individualmente e imersos em 7 mL de Letheen Broth, e incubados a 37°C por 48 horas. O crescimento microbiano foi avaliado pela turbidade do meio de cultura. Um inóculo de 0,1 mL obtido do Letheen Broth foi transferido para 7 mL de BHI, e incubado nas mesmas condições descritas. O crescimento microbiano foi novamente avaliado pela turbidade do meio de cultura...


Purpose: To evaluate the antibacterial effect of four oral antiseptics (two solutions of cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine gluconate and benzalkonium chloride) on facultative bacteria using two methods. Methods: Strains were inoculated in 7 mL of brain heart infusion (BHI) and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. For the agar diffusion test, 15 Petri plates with 20 mL of brain heart infusion agar (BHIA) were inoculated with 0.1 mL of microbial suspensions using sterile swabs to produce confluent growth; one Petri plate was not inoculated. Thirty-six 9-mm paper discs were immersed in the experimental solutions (0.07% cetylpyridinium chloride, 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, and 0.13% benzalkonium chloride) for 1 minute. Subsequently, three paper discs containing irrigant solutions were placed on the BHIA in each plate. The plates were kept at room temperature for 1 hour and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Two measurements of the inhibition zones were made on the paper discs containing the solutions, and mean values were calculated. For the direct exposure test, 216 #50 sterilized paper points were immersed in the microorganism suspensions for 5 minutes, placed onto Petri plates and covered with 10 mL of irrigant solution. At one, five, 10 and 30 minutes, three paper points were removed from the contact substances, transported individually, immersed in 7 mL Letheen broth and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Bacterial growth was evaluated by turbidity. An inoculum of 0.1 mL Letheen broth was transferred to 7 mL BHI, and incubated as described above. Bacterial growth was evaluated according to turbidity. Results: Inhibition zones were greater than 10 mm for all substances and all microorganisms under study. The antibacterial...


Subject(s)
Humans , Mouthwashes/adverse effects , Chlorhexidine , Benzalkonium Compounds
18.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 17(6): 533-540, dez. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-696982

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The effects of physical therapy on heart rate variability (HRV), especially in children, are still inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of conventional physical therapy (CPT) for airway clearance and nasotracheal suction on the HRV of pediatric patients with acute bronchiolitis. METHOD: 24 children were divided into two groups: control group (CG, n=12) without respiratory diseases and acute bronchiolitis group (BG, n=12). The heart rate was recorded in the BG at four different moments: basal recording (30 minutes), 5 minutes after the CPT (10 minutes), 5 minutes after nasotracheal suction (10 minutes), and 40 minutes after nasotracheal suction (30 minutes). The CG was subjected to the same protocol, except for nasotracheal suction. To assess the HRV, we used spectrum analysis, which decomposes the heart rate oscillations into frequency bands: low frequency (LF=0.04-0.15Hz), which corresponds mainly to sympathetic modulation; and high frequency (HF=0.15-1.2Hz), corresponding to vagal modulation. RESULTS: Under baseline conditions, the BG showed higher values in LF oscillations, lower values in HF oscillations, and increased LF/HF ratio when compared to the CG. After CPT, the values for HRV in the BG were similar to those observed in the CG during basal recording. Five minutes after nasotracheal suction, the BG showed a decrease in LF and HF oscillations; however, after 40 minutes, the values were similar to those observed after application of CPT. CONCLUSIONS: The CPT and nasotracheal suction, both used for airway clearance, promote improvement in autonomic modulation of HRV in children with acute bronchiolitis. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology , Bronchiolitis/physiopathology , Bronchiolitis/therapy , Drainage, Postural , Heart Rate , Physical Therapy Modalities , Acute Disease
19.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 17(5): 435-441, out. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-689925

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: One of the measures of the pulmonary function is the peak expiratory flow (PEF) that can be defined as the major flow obtained in an expiratory pressure after a complete inspiration to the level of the total lung capacity. This measure depends on the effort and strength of expiratory muscles, the airway diameter and the lung volume. OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of the peak expiratory flow in healthy male and female obtained in a seated position and dorsal decubitus (DD), right lateral decubitus (RLD) and left lateral decubitus (LLD). METHOD: Thirty young subjects with mean age 22.7 years, healthy and non-smokers were included at the study, 15 of male sex. They did spirometry and IPAQ questionnaire to check the normal pulmonary function and physical activity level. The measures of PEF were performed in four positions, being performed 3 measures in which position, in a random order. Statistical analysis was performed according to Student's t test, with significance level set at 5%. RESULTS: There was a difference between the values obtained in sitting position(481±117.1 L/min) with DD(453.2±116.3 L/min) and RLD (454±112.9 L/min) (p<0.05), however, did not find a significant difference between the sitting position and LLD (469±83 L/min). CONCLUSIONS: Body position affects the values of PEF, with decreasing values in DD and RLD. The LLD can be an alternative to optimize the expiratory flow in situations of constraint to the sitting position. .


CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: Pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE) é uma das medidas de função pulmonar definida como o maior fluxo obtido em uma expiração forçada a partir de uma inspiração completa ao nível da capacidade pulmonar total (CPT). Essa medida é dependente do esforço, da força dos músculos expiratórios, do calibre das vias aéreas e do volume pulmonar. OBJETIVO: Comparar os resultados de PFE em homens e mulheres saudáveis, obtidos na posição sentada, com decúbito dorsal (DD), decúbito lateral direito (DLD) e esquerdo (DLE). MÉTODO: Participaram 30 indivíduos, com média de idade de 22,7 anos, saudáveis e não fumantes, sendo 15 do sexo masculino. Todos realizaram espirometria e responderam ao questionário IPAQ para caracterizar a normalidade da função pulmonar e o nível de atividade física. As medidas de PFE foram realizadas nas quatro posições, sendo realizadas três medidas em cada posição, em ordem aleatória. Para análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste t de Student, com nível de significância estabelecido em 5%. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença entre os valores obtidos na posição sentada (481±117, 1 L/min) com o DD (453,2±116,3 L/min) e DLD (454±112,9 L/min) (p<0,05), porém, não encontramos diferença significativa entre as posições sentada e DLE (469±83 L/min). CONCLUSÕES: A posição corporal afeta os valores de PFE, com diminuição dos valores em DD e DLD. O DLE pode ser uma alternativa para otimizar o fluxo expiratório em situações de restrição à posição sentada. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Peak Expiratory Flow Rate/physiology , Posture/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies
20.
Ciênc. rural ; 43(5): 792-796, maio 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-673276

ABSTRACT

This study evaluates the physical and physicochemical properties of three sugary cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) landraces: São Francisco Bag 3, Manicueira 62, and Castanhal Iracema. These three landraces showed high estimated productivity (≥3.93kg plant-1) and had a high sugar content (≥3.92g 100g-1 of root), making them viable for use in syrup production, especially the São Francisco Bag 3 landrace (4.76g 100g-1). The Manicueira 62 landrace had the highest starch content (4.40g 100g-1). The three sugary cassava landraces exhibited high levels of cyanide (>195mg kg-1), indicating the need for processing prior to consumption.


Neste trabalho, foram avaliadas propriedades físicas e físico-químicas das raízes de três acessos de mandiocaba (Manihot esculenta Crantz): São Francisco Bag 3, Manicueira 62 e Castanhal Iracema. Os três acessos apresentaram elevada produtividade estimada (≥3,93kg planta-1) e as suas raízes apresentaram altos teores de açúcares (≥3,92g 100g-1 de raiz), apresentando-se como uma alternativa para a produção de xarope, particularmente o acesso São Francisco Bag 3 (4,76g 100g-1). O acesso Manicueira 62 foi o que apresentou o maior conteúdo de amido (4,40g 100-1). As três raízes estudadas apresentaram altos níveis de cianeto total (>195mg kg-1), o que indica que elas também necessitam ser processadas antes de serem consumidas.

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