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1.
Colomb. med ; 52(4): e2015163, Oct.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375240

ABSTRACT

Abstract Patients with pulmonary hypertension present limited tolerance to exercise and aerobic capacity; which is reflected in the reduction in peak oxygen consumption and their functional performance. This intolerance to exercise has traditionally been attributed to cardiac and respiratory dysfunction. However, as it happens in other chronic diseases, lower-limb and respiratory muscle alterations are also involved in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Increasing evidence suggests that physical exercise training is an efficient and safe strategy. The recommendation for light and moderate-intensity exercise is made within the framework of pulmonary rehabilitation, and its benefits have been previously described. In diseases such as COPD, lower-limb muscle function, exercise tolerance and quality of life improve following exercise training. And just as with COPD, it is necessary to promote evidence-based interventions with pulmonary hypertension. This narrative review focuses on the evaluation, safety and efficacy of training the respiratory muscles and the muscles of upper and lower extremities in patients with pulmonary hypertension.


Resumen Los pacientes con hipertensión pulmonar presentan tolerancia limitada al ejercicio y disminución de la capacidad aeróbica; lo que se refleja en la reducción del consumo pico de oxígeno y su desempeño funcional. Esta intolerancia al ejercicio se ha atribuido tradicionalmente a disfunciones cardíacas y respiratorias. Sin embargo, al igual que ocurre en otras enfermedades crónicas, las alteraciones de los músculos respiratorios y de los miembros inferiores y superiores también están implicadas en los pacientes con hipertensión pulmonar. La creciente evidencia sugiere que el entrenamiento físico es una estrategia eficiente y segura. La recomendación de ejercicio de intensidad ligera y moderada se realiza en el marco de la rehabilitación pulmonar, y sus beneficios han sido descritos previamente. En enfermedades como la EPOC, la función muscular de las extremidades inferiores, la tolerancia al ejercicio y la calidad de vida mejoran después del entrenamiento físico. Y al igual que con la EPOC, es necesario promover intervenciones basadas en la evidencia con la hipertensión pulmonar. Esta revisión narrativa se centra en la evaluación, seguridad y eficacia del entrenamiento de los músculos respiratorios y de las extremidades superiores e inferiores en pacientes con hipertensión pulmonar.

3.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 16(2): 148-156, mar.-abr. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-624724

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Reductions in quadriceps strength and peak aerobic capacity (VO2) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been studied in relatively small samples over a short period. Moreover, results were not corrected for confounding variables, such as lean muscle mass, gender, and gas transfer capacity of the lungs. OBJECTIVES: To compare quadriceps muscle strength and peak V.O2 in women and men while stratifying for age and gas transfer capacity. We then corrected for lower-limb lean muscle mass to see whether and to what extent the age-graded reduction remained evident. METHODS: Retrospectively, data of 374 women and 593 men with COPD were analyzed: lung function, current drug therapy, quadriceps strength, peak V.O2, lower-limb lean muscle mass, and gas transfer capacity. RESULTS: Quadriceps strength and peak V.O2 were lower in older women and men with a gas transfer capacity of <50% predicted, also after adjustment for lower-limb lean muscle mass. Moreover, quadriceps strength and peak V.O2 were lower in older women and men with a gas transfer capacity of <50% predicted, also after adjustment for lower-limb lean muscle mass. Moreover, quadriceps strength and peak V.O2 were related to age in COPD, particularly in women and men with a gas transfer capacity of >50% predicted. Yet, counter to our hypothesis, lower-limb lean muscle mass did not show an age-graded reduction and, in turn, could not account for the relationship of age with quadriceps strength and peak V.O2. CONCLUSIONS: It is apparent that there is an age-graded reduction in skeletal muscle function in patients with COPD. Therefore, prevention of an age-graded decline in quadriceps muscle strength and peak V.O2 may need to become an outcome of pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with COPD.


CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: As reduções da força do quadríceps e do pico de consumo de oxigênio (V.O2) em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) são estudadas em amostras relativamente pequenas e por curto período de tempo. Além disso, os resultados não são corrigidos por variáveis confundidoras, como conteúdo de massa magra, gênero e capacidade de difusão pulmonar. OBJETIVOS: Comparar a força muscular do quadríceps e o pico de V.O2 em mulheres e homens estratificados por idade e capacidade de difusão pulmonar e, então, corrigir pela massa magra dos membros inferiores para verificar se e até que ponto a redução graduada por idade permaneceu evidente. MÉTODOS: Retrospectivamente, foram analisados dados de 374 mulheres e 593 homens com DPOC, referentes a: função pulmonar, tratamento medicamentoso, força do quadríceps, pico de V.O2, massa magra dos membros inferiores e capacidade de difusão pulmonar. RESULTADOS: A força muscular do quadríceps e o pico de V.O2 foram menores em idosos com capacidade de difusão pulmonar <50% do previsto, mesmo após correção pela massa magra dos membros inferiores. Além disso, a força do quadríceps e o pico de V.O2 correlacionaram-se com a idade, especialmente em homens e mulheres com capacidade de difusão >50% do previsto. No entanto, a massa magra dos membros inferiores não demonstrou redução graduada por idade e não justificou a relação da idade com a força do quadríceps e o pico de V.O2, contrariando a nossa hipótese. CONCLUSÕES: Aparentemente, há uma redução graduada por idade na função musculoesquelética em pacientes com DPOC. Portanto, a prevenção do declínio graduado por idade na força do quadríceps e no pico de V.O2 deveria ser um objetivo da reabilitação pulmonar em pacientes com DPOC.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Exercise Tolerance , Muscle Strength , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Quadriceps Muscle/physiopathology , Age Factors , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors
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