ABSTRACT
Andhra Pradesh presents a unique case of poverty reduction, its performance between 1970 and 1988 being the highest among all the major states. This trend is not surprising for the 1970s, a period of rapid agricultural growth, but is perplexing for the latter part of the 1980s when growth had slackened.
ABSTRACT
Congenital anomaly characterized by an abnormal development of caudal region of the body with different degrees of fusion of lower extremities, bears resemblance of Sirenomelia or mermaid of Greek Mythology. This type of deformity is also known as Symmelia, Symposia, Sympus, Uromelia and Monopodia. It is associated with the single umbilical artery. It is associated with severe malformations of urogenital i.e. renal agenesis and absence of both internal and external genitalia. The aim of this study is to present, a rare congenital malformation Sirenomelia. In this context, we report a case of Sirenomelia illustrating the prenatal sonographic and pathological features. In our study 25 years old primigravida gave birth to still born full term baby, sex could not be identified. The specimen was collected from private nursing home at Ongole, no relevant history of consanguineous marriage or tobacco smoking or drugs taking etc. Fetal USG, X-ray & CT were taken after birth. Fetal autopsy was done; the gonad, thymus and umbilical cord were sent to histopathological examination. The etiopathogenesis and characteristic features of Sirenomelia were discussed with the findings and review of the literature.
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Background: Bronchial asthma (asthma) is the chronic illness in the childhood resulting in morbidity as it is not correctly diagnosed and treated properly. It is basically an allergic disorder; certain respiratory infection and air pollution also contributes to its etiology. Methods: This study focusses on prevalence of asthma among school going children and also record the demographic profile. This study also highlights to spread the awareness and policy decision making in the diagnosis and treatment of asthma in children. Results: The prevalence of asthma among school children in the current study was found to be 4.5%. Maximum numbers of positive cases were found at the age of 15 years, 10 (5.37 %) cases. In the current study the prevalence of asthma was found to be 4.24% in the 12-13 years age group and prevalence was found to be 4.73% in the 14-15 years age group. The prevalence of asthma was found to be higher among boys (5.14%) than of girls (3.77%). Conclusion: This study could identify an array of risk factors possibly involved in the prevalence of asthma in this region. Recognition of the risk factors will help parents, medical personnel and health planner’s device preventive and early intervention programs to reduce the burden of asthma in the community.
ABSTRACT
Background: In India, lifestyle diseases were considered in the urban setting; so the medical fraternity has concentrated more on the urban people. With epidemiological transition, a dramatic reduction in physical exercise has been observed in the rural areas with an increase in the stresses of life. According to World Health Report 2002, cardiovascular diseases will be the largest cause of death and disability by 2020 in India; the contributing factors are increasing hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, overweight or obesity, physical inactivity, and using tobacco. Our study aims to determine prevalence of hypertension in an adult rural community and to identify the risk factors of Hypertension among adults in Rural Field Practice Area Singanodi of Navodaya Medical College, Raichur, Karnataka. Methods: The present study is a cross sectional study, carried out in village Singanodi, which is designated as rural field practice area of Community Medicine Department, Navodaya Medical College. It has population coverage of 14,200.The study population include all subjects who were aged 30 years and above. The present study was a population based study. Results: Out of total population, 240 (37.3%) were in age group of 30-39 years, 222 (34.5%) were in age group of 40-49 years. Males and females were 386 (60.03%) and 257 (39.97%) respectively. Our study revealed that hypertension was significantly associated with body mass index, maximum in obese patients when compared to normal and underweight (p<0.0001) There is significant association between smoking and hypertension 77 (29.9%). (p<0.015) There is significant association with physical activity; that is sedentary people were more prone for getting hypertension when compared to heavy worker. However, salt intake > 6 grams/day and family history of hypertension were found to be significantly associated. (p=0.009; p=0.003 respectively) The prevalence of hypertension among subjects on vegetarian diet vs. mixed diet was 23.9% vs. 22.2%, respectively but the difference was not statistically significant. (p= 0.09) Conclusion: From our study we conclude that there is a high prevalence of hypertension even in rural area and advocate to flourish awareness regarding modifiable risk factors of hypertension among the people.
ABSTRACT
Copper NiTi wires were introduced by Sachdeva R and Miyasaki S in 1994. This latest innovation in the evolutionary scale gives us the opportunity of choosing the force level by choosing the temperature at which the wires will deliver its optimum force level. With so many advantages and their ability to return to their original form coupled with the high cost of copper NiTi many clinicians started reusing the wire. This raises concern about disinfecting/sterilizing the wire before using in another patient for prevention of cross infection. Hence, various sterilization procedures like cold sterilization using 2% acidic glutaraldehyde, dry heat sterilization and autoclaving were used to prevent this cross infection..Aim: The main aim of this study is used to evaluate the effects of different kinds of sterilization on load characteristics and tensile properties of copper Ni Ti wire. Materials and Methods: In the present study, selected mechanical properties like load deflection characteristics, ultimate tensile strength of the 0.016 copper NiTi wires were studied before and after sterilization procedure. Three point bending test was performed to evaluate the load deflection characteristics and tensile test were evaluated to determine other mechanical properties. Pretreatment and post treatment values were statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA test. Results: On the load deflection characteristics, even though there was an increase in the loading and unloading forces, statistically significant changes in the forces are seen only when the wires were subjected to two cycles of sterilization with autoclave and dry heat. No detrimental changes were detected in tensile properties of copper NiTi were after single cycle of sterilization with any of the stated sterilants. Very minimal non significant changes occurred during the second cycle of sterilization procedure. Conclusion: Pronounced changes in load deflection characteristics have been found in the wires which have undergone two cycles of sterilization with either dry heat or autoclave implying that there was loss in pseudoplastic and pseudoelastic properties of wires and increase in stiffness of wires.
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The non-transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTP-S, is located predominantly in the cell nucleus in association with chromatin. Here we have analysed the expression of PTP-S upon mitogenic stimulation and during cell division cycle. During liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, PTP–S mRNA levels increased 16-fold after 6 h (G1 phase) and declined thereafter. Upon stimulation of serum starved cells in culture with serum, PTP-S mRNA levels increased reaching a maximum during late G1 phase and declined thereafter. No significant change in PTP-S RNA levels was observed in growing cells during cell cycle. PTP–S protein levels were also found to increase upon mitogenic stimulation. Upon serum starvation for 72 h, PTP–S protein disappears from the nucleus and is seen in the cytoplasm; after 96 h of serum starvation the PTP-S protein disappears from the nucleus as well as cytoplasm. Refeeding of starved cells for 6 h results in reappearance of this protein in the nucleus. Our results suggest a role of this phosphatase during cell proliferation.
ABSTRACT
In the present study cardio-vascular adaptation to graded exercise was studied in untrained male medical students. The subjects were given two grades of exercise each lasting for about five minutes with a rest of fifteen minutes in between on a mechanically braked bicycle ergometer. There was a statistically significant rise in the heart rate during both the exercise sessions. This rise was persistent even after fifteen minutes of rest following the second session. The systolic blood pressure also showed a statistically significant rise in both the sessions. However, the diastolic blood pressure showed a significant drop in the second exercise session. Both these changes could possibly be attributed to sustained release of epinephrine.