ABSTRACT
Background: Ovarian tumours account for 3% of all cancers amongst women, being the second most common cancer of the female genital tract. The ovarian tumours are highly heterogenous with a wide range of histological patterns. Aim of current study was to study the histological patterns and the age incidence of the ovarian tumours in our institute. Methods: The present study is a prospective study conducted in the department of pathology, Andhra Medical College, from August 2011 to July 2013. Results: We received a total of 267 specimens of ovarian tumours during this period, out of which, 263 were primary and 4 were secondary tumours. Benign tumours were 209 (78.3%), borderline were 10 (3.7%) and malignant were 48 (18%) in numbers. Overall surface epithelial tumours constituted the majority of tumours accounting for 214 (80.2%) cases, followed by germ cell tumours 38 (14.2%) and sexcord stromal tumours 11 (4.1%). The single most common tumour diagnosed was serous cystadenoma. The most common malignant tumour was serous cystadenocarcinoma. The age groups affected ranged from 11-70 years. The peak age incidences for different histological types were as follows: surface epithelial tumours: 21-50 years, germ cell tumours: 21-30 years, sexcord stromal tumours: 51-60years. Benign tumours were more common in 21-40 years of age, borderline in 31-50 years and malignant tumours in 41-50 years age group. Conclusion: The results from our study were comparable with those reported in literature; however malignant serous and mucinous tumours showed a lower peak age incidence in our study. Krukenberg tumours also occurred in younger age group in our study.
ABSTRACT
Background: Drug utilization is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the marketing, distribution, prescription, and use of drugs in society, with special emphasis on the resulting medical, social, and economic consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of prescription and then drug utilization in outpatient (OPD) of the Department of Otolaryngology in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the A.C.S. medical college and hospital, Chennai for a period of 7 months. All the patients who attended the Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) OPD were included. The total number who attended the OPD was 10,249 which include 6,956 new cases and 3313 old cases. Results: The antibacterials commonly used were β Lactams (56%), macrolides (14%), fluoroquinolones (12%), aminoglycosides (8%). Among the penicillin group, the commonest drug prescribed was a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (27%), in cephalosporins was cefixime + clavulanic acid (19%). Aminoglycosides include gentamycin in refractory cases. Fluoroquinolones include ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Others Drugs like antihistamines and mucolytics were prescribed in 27%, anti- ulcer drugs in 36% cases, analgesics in 33% cases and herbal medicines in 4%. The average number of drugs used in each prescription was 3.20. All the drugs were prescribed with brand names. The average cost per prescription per day for OPD patients is 37 Rupees. Conclusions: β Lactams were commonly used antibacterials in the otorhinolaryngology department.
ABSTRACT
A six-day-old girl, born to normal non-consanguineous parents presented with mask like facies with a small mouth giving a ‘whistling’ appearance. Other dysmorphic features include deep set eyes, broad nasal bridge, long philtrum and ‘H’ shaped cutaneous dimple on the chin. There was congenital windmill vane hand position and severe talipes equinovarus deformity. The above features are characteristic of Freeman-Sheldon syndrome also known as Whistling Face syndrome. Ultrasound scanning during 8th month of the pregnancy showed the fetus to have facial abnormality and bilateral clenched hand and talipes with extension contractures of knees. Provisional diagnosis of FSS was made which was confirmed after the birth. Thus all cases of Arthrogryposis during prenatal scan should be carefully looked for the facial abnormality in the fetus.