ABSTRACT
Ingestion of foreign bodies accidentally can be seen commonly in emergencies usually in children, elderly, mentally impaired, or alcoholic individuals. Ingestion of a foreign body is more common than aspiration of a foreign body. Aspiration represents a serious medical situation whereas ingestion of a tooth is a less serious situation as the tooth will be egested due to peristaltic movements of the gastrointestinal tract. Here is a case report of tooth ingestion during a simple dental extraction which could have turned into a serious medical situation, had the patient aspirated the tooth.
ABSTRACT
Background: Oral health diseases are common in all regions of the world. Mouth rinses are widely used generally by population as a port of daily oral care regimen. In addition to antimicrobial activity, mouth rinses possess certain cytotoxic effects. Electron‑beam (E‑beam) radiation is a form of ionizing energy known to induce structural, physical, and chemical changes in irradiated products. In this study, the modulatory effects of E‑beam in irradiated mouth rinses were evaluated for its biological activities. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activities of nonirradiated and irradiated mouth rinses were evaluated for its antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against oral pathogens, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion method and antibiofilm activity was evaluated by O’Toole method. The cytotoxicity was evaluated against human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells by 3‑(4, 5 Dimethythiazol‑yl)‑2,5‑Diphenyl‑tetrazolium bromide assay. Results: Colgate Plax (CP) exhibited the antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens, and a significant (P < 0.05) increase was observed against S. aureus at 750 Gy irradiation. Further, CP significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed S. mutans, S. aureus, and C. albicans biofilm. Listerine (LS) inhibited S. mutans and C. albicans biofilm. Whereas irradiated CP and LS significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed the biofilm formed by oral pathogens. The suppression of biofilm by irradiated mouth rinses was dose‑ and species‑dependent. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in the cytotoxicity of irradiated and nonirradiated mouth rinses on HGF cells. However, an increased percentage viability of HGF cells was observed by mouth rinses irradiated at 750 Gy. Conclusion: The E‑beam irradiation enhanced the antibiofilm activity of mouth rinses without modifying the cytotoxicity.
ABSTRACT
On decomposing mangrove leaves and woods collected from west coast of India, a new species of Aniptodera was encountered. Aniptodera indica sp. nov. differs from other members of the genus, as the ascospores possess single polar appendage. This new species is described, illustrated and compared with closely resembling species: Aniptodera chesapeakensis and A. juncicola.