Flavonoid Myricetin as Potent Anticancer Agent: A Possibility towards Development of Potential Anticancer Nutraceuticals / 中国结合医学杂志

Good nutrition plays a crucial role in maintaining a balanced lifestyle. The beneficial effects of nutrition have been found to counteract nutritional disturbances with the expanded use of nutraceuticals to treat and manage cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other developmental defects over the last decade. Flavonoids are found abundantly in plant-derived foods such as fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa, and wine. Fruits and vegetables contain phytochemicals like flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids. Flavonoids can act as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-microbial (antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral) antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-diarrheal agents. Flavonoids are also reported to upregulate apoptotic activity in several cancers such as hepatic, pancreatic, breast, esophageal, and colon. Myricetin is a flavonol which is naturally present in fruits and vegetables and has shown possible nutraceutical value. Myricetin has been portrayed as a potent nutraceutical that may protect against cancer. The focus of the present review is to present an updated account of studies demonstrating the anticancer potential of myricetin and the molecular mechanisms involved therein. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) underlying its anticancer activity would eventually help in its development as a novel anticancer nutraceutical having minimal side effects.

Association of acanthosis nigricans with metabolic syndrome - An analytic cross-sectional study

Abstract Background: Globally, few studies have been undertaken to assess the association of acanthosis nigricans (AN) with metabolic syndrome (MS). Most of the available studies have either focused on a particular age group, gender, ethnicity or on a single component of MS. Objectives: To determine the association between AN and MS as a whole and with all individual components of MS in adult patients of either gender. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a comparative group. Eighty-one subjects were recruited in each group. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipid profile were done. MS was defined by using the international diabetic federation (IDF) criteria. Association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, FPG, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG) with AN was assessed by Pearson's chi-square test followed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The prevalence of MS was found to be significantly higher in the group with AN. On univariate analysis, a significant association of AN was found with BMI, waist circumference, high systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL, and TG. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between waist circumference, high systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and high TG levels with AN. The risk of MS was found to be eight times higher in cases of AN. Study limitations: The small sample size and single-center data are the limitations of the present study. Conclusion: AN is strongly associated with MS as a whole and with its individual components including increased waist circumference, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF DUAL MOBILITY CUPS IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY IN ARTHRITIS HIP AND FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES

Background- Osteoarthritis hip and femoral neck fractures in old age can be treated by total hip arthroplasty using dual mobility cup designs. The posterior approach (Kocher-Langenbeck) was used earlier however, lateral (Harding) and anterior approach (Smith-Petersen) are more often used. Evaluation of functional outcomes of total h Aim- ip arthroplasty using dual mobility cups in patients with osteoarthritis hip and femur neck fractures in terms of time of surgery, re-operation rate and mortality in 1 year, length of hospital stay and post-operative complications, using Harris Hip Score (HHS). Study Design- Hospital based prospective cohort study. Material and Methods- 40 cases were include in the study of which, 20 cases are of osteoarthritis hip and 20 cases are of femur neck fracture managed by dual mobility total hip arthroplasty. Clinical and functional outcome was graded using HHS. Anatomical reduction was assessed at 8 weeks, 3months, 6 months and 9 months. The mean HHS at 8 weeks, 3months, 6 months and 9 mont Result- hs in osteoarthritis hip was 56.40, 69.80, 80.90 and 91.50 and in femur neck fractures was 51.10, 63.50, 74.60 and 84.50, achieved. Better result was found in osteoarthritis hip. Conclusion- We concluded that using dual mobility total hip arthroplasty in osteoarthritis hip is far better than femur neck fractures due to better clinical and functional outcome, better anatomical reduction.

Netarsudil monotherapy as the initial treatment for open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension in Indian patients: A real-world evaluation of efficacy and safety

Purpose: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, affecting more than 64 million people aged 40–80. The best way to manage primary open?angle glaucoma (POAG) is by lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP). Netarsudil is a Rho kinase inhibitor, the only class of antiglaucoma medications that reorganizes the extracellular matrix to improve the aqueous outflow through the trabecular pathway. Methods: An open?label, real?world, multicentric, observation?based 3?month study was performed for assessing the safety and ocular hypotensive efficacy of netarsudil ophthalmic solution (0.02% w/v) in patients with elevated IOP. Patients were given netarsudil ophthalmic solution (0.02% w/v) as a first?line therapy. Diurnal IOP measurements, best?corrected visual acuity, and adverse event assessments were recorded at each of the five visits (Day?1: screening day and first dosing day; subsequent observations were taken at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months). Results: Four hundred and sixty?nine patients from 39 centers throughout India completed the study. The mean IOP at baseline of the affected eyes was 24.84 ± 6.39 mmHg (mean ± standard deviation). After the first dose, the IOP was measured after 2, 4, and 6 weeks, with the final measurement taken at 3 months. The percentage reduction in IOP in glaucoma patients after 3 months of once?daily netarsudil 0.02% w/v solution use was 33.34%. The adverse effects experienced by patients were not severe in the majority of cases. Some adverse effects observed were redness, irritation, itching, and others, but only a small number of patients experienced severe reactions, as reported in a decreasing order: redness > irritation > watering > itching > stinging > blurring. Conclusion: We found that netarsudil 0.02% w/v solution monotherapy when used as the first?line treatment in primary open?angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension was both safe and effective.

Assessment of Educational Environment of Newly Established Medical College by UG Medical Students: A Mixed Method Study

Introduction: Educational environment always play a crucial role in the development of students as well as faculty of any institution. In India, there is a continuous increase in the number of medical colleges and the number of MBBS seats, but the quality of education with quantity is questionable. To answer this question, the present study was planned to know the educational environment in a new Medical Institution that ejected its alumni in 2018. Aim: To analyze the educational environment of a newly established Medical College in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional which took six months to complete. This study used the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire, open-ended questions and focus group discussions (FGDs). The study was conducted on MBBS students in Government Medical College, Azamgarh, UP. Results: The batch-wise Global DREEM scores were 169.08 (alumni), 156.23 (interns), 168.76 (2015), 164.16 (2016), 176.23 (2017), 176.94 (2018). This demonstrates that the educational environment is satisfactory in all domains and comes under the 3rd category of the educational environment index. The FGDs showed a positive response in all batches but with high variability in scores, which indicates lack of standardization in Medical Education. The open-ended questions’ responses revealed many merits and demerits about five domains. Conclusion: The variability of DREEM score, FGDs and open ended questions denotes the lack of standardization in the Medical Education system and the scores of the Education Environment Index (all domains) must move from category III (satisfactory) to category IV (excellence).

QUALITATIVE STUDY: DERMATOGLYPHIC PATTERN IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS

Aims and objectives: To study the dermatoglyphic patterns in healthy and Type II diabetes mellitus subjects. To study the arches, Ulnar loop, Radial loop and Whorl patterns The present study was conducted i Methods: n the Department of Anatomy, Index Medical College, Indore (M.P.), India. Subjects of the age group 35-65 years was chosen from North Indian Population. Patients and controls were selected randomly from Index Medical College and Hospital, Indore (M.P.) India. The bilateral rolled finger and palm prints of 100 Diabetes Mellitus II patients were compared to 100 controls. Results: Shows that the comparison of right ulnar loop, right whorl, left ulnar loop, left radial loop, and left whorl in male between healthy subjects and type II diabetes mellitus patients, which are statistically significant. (p <0.001). whereas right arch, right radial loop, and left arch is not statistically significant. Fingertip ridge count of right ulnar loop, Conclusions: right radial loop and left ulnar loop, is increased in healthy male subjects as compared to type II diabetes mellitus. While right arch, right whorl, left arch, left radial loop, and left whorl is decreased.

FACULTY'S PERCEPTION ON E-ASSESSMENT DURING PANDEMIC – AN ONLINE APPROACH

Objectives: The study aims to assess the perception of faculty across health care sector on e-assessment during the pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted on faculty from Materials and Methods: medical, dental and allied health sciences using snowball sampling. A self-designed validated questionnaire was utilized to collect data across the faculty. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS version 26 (p-value <0.05). Among 102 Results: participants who were a part of the study, the mean difference across medical, dental, and allied sciences for domain one (knowledge and attitudes) and domain ve (affective factors) was highest for dental faculty with statistical signicance

A STUDY OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF GALECTIN-3 IN NON-NEOPLASTIC AND NEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF THYROID

Introduction: Thyroid lesions are fairly common and have a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from functional, immune mediated to neoplastic lesions. Malignancy of thyroid constitutes approximately 1% of all cancers. These malignant tumors of thyroid gland exhibit a variety of histopathologies and clinical behavior. Immune markers are gaining more and more importance in diagnostic pathology, especially in the differential diagnostics and in the grading of thyroid gland tumors. In the recent times Galectin-3 has received notable recognition for its usefulness as a diagnostic marker for thyroid cancer. To evaluate the diagnostic role of galectin-3 (Gal-3) in Aims and objectives: differentiating malignant from benign thyroid neoplasm. In this observational study, we evaluated Gal-Material and method: 3 expression in a spectrum of all non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions including benign and malignant lesions of thyroid gland. All types of thyroidectomy specimens were xed in 10% formal saline and subjected to histopathological examination. Sections were stained with H&E stain. Gal-3 immunoperoxidase reaction was carried out in histological sections from all the cases and descriptive analysis was done. In the study of 100 cases of thyroid swelling were included and evaluated by Result: histopathological and by using Gal-3 immunoperoxidase marker. Out of 100 cases, majority of thyroid lesions were seen in females with 76 cases (76%) while only 24 cases (24%) were seen in male. Among 66 non-neoplastic cases, only 6 cases (9.1%) and among 34 neoplastic lesions, 28 cases (82.4%) were positive for galectin-3 marker. Statistical signicance of galectin-3 expression between non-neoplastic and neoplastic thyroid lesions found to be statistically signicant (P value <0000.1). The sensitivity and specicity of galectin-3 detection of malignant lesions were found to be 82.4% and 91% respectively with 82.4% positive predictive value and 90.9% negative predictive value. We suggest that Galectin-3 expression is helpful in Conclusion: enabling better diagnosis and patient care by guiding appropriate therapeutic decisions.

Development and Organoleptic Evaluation of Iron Rich Pancake Premix Using Spirulina and Super Flours

Since ancient times, poor nutrition has been the primary culprit of iron deficiency, especially in the school going adolescent girls. There may be a number of factors that contribute to this. The production of affordable, wholesome, and practical foods is a challenge for the food industry. Spirulina platensis, a microscopic and filamentous cyanobacterium is a blue-green algae that is considered to be one of the ancient life forms on Earth. To increase the nutritive value and to provide other vital nutrients, best wholesome cereals must be chosen over or in combination with refined flour. Here, quinoas, soy flour and amaranth come in the picture. The preparation of pancake premix and the final product was done in the department of food and nutrition, school of home sciences , BBAU Lucknow in the duration of nine months from September 2023 to May 2023. The assessment was successful and yielded genuine beneficial outcomes. The spirulina pan cakes excel in terms of flavour, aroma, and mouth feel. The panellists found the pancake's green tint to be somewhat objectionable.

Morphometry of Skulls from North Indian Population: Implications for Ethnicity and Race Identification

Introduction:Anthropometric studies have shown significant variations in the cranium and orbits between races and genders due to various factors such as genetics, race, hormones, nutritional differences, and environmental influences. The present study aims to record cranial and orbital dimensions and indices to classify skulls based on these measurements. MaterialsandMethods: Thirty‑five human adult skulls were obtained from the dissecting laboratory and museum of Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Safedabad. The orbital height, width, interorbital distance, maximum length, and width of the cranium were measured directly using a digital Vernier caliper. The skulls were then classified based on the orbital and cranial indices calculated. Results: The study found a mean orbital index of 83.42, classifying the skulls as mesoseme, and a cranial index of 73.15, classifying them as dolichocephalic. Conclusion: Basic data and records of morphometry of bones belonging to specific regions can help identify the ethnicity and race of a person. Understanding the correlation of dimensions of the orbital cavity and cranium is crucial in certain conditions, such as interpreting fossils, classification of skulls in forensic medicine, and discovering trends in evolution and racial differences. These findings may also aid in identifying unclaimed bodies in India, which are found in significant numbers yearly

ARDS with septic shock managed successfully using a multidisciplinary approach: A case report

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an inflammatory process in the lungs that results in hypoxemia and decreased lung compliance. Invasive mechanical ventilation and prone positioning have proven benefits in the management of patients with severe ARDS. Post-extubation rehabilitation programs are equally important for the recovery of these patients. We are reporting the case of a 30-year-old male with severe ARDS where lung protective ventilation, timely intubation, early prone positioning, multidisciplinary communication, and post-discharge follow-up with teleconsultation were used under expert supervision in the successful management of the case

Factors influencing medication adherence and quality of life in outpatients attending Department of Psychiatry in a tertiary health care centre

Background: Nearly one third of people who suffer major psychiatric disorders end up with a long- term disability and dependency. They are most likely to be non-adherent to medication due to various reasons including lack of knowledge or insight about their illness and treatment which in turn leads to exacerbation of their illness, reduce treatment effectiveness, or make them less responsive to subsequent treatment, multiple hospitalizations and poor quality of life. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in outpatients attending the Psychiatry OPD using the consecutive sampling technique. Subjects meeting the ICD-10 Diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders, age 18 year and above, subjects willing to participate in the study were included. A structured proforma, the Drug attitude inventory and the WHO-QOL-BREF questionnaires were used for assessment. Results: Mean age of subjects = 38.07 + 11.07 years. Mean medication cost = Rs. 917.82 + 397.89. 87 subjects participated in the study and of them 48% were adherent to medication and 52% were non-adherent. 56% of males and 43% females were adherent to medication. There was significant association between the occupation and the type of family of the subjects and medication adherence (p<0.05). Majority of patients with medication non-adherence were seen in schizophrenia, delusional disorder, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and substance related disorder. Majority (44.5%) of them reported fear of side effects, followed by stopping the medication when feeling better (35.5%) as the reasons for non-adherence followed by cost, embarrassment, etc. There was significant association between the psychological and social quality of life and medication adherence (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study implicates the importance of psycho education about the diagnosis, prognosis, need for medication and the expected adverse effects which should be clearly explained to the patient. The therapeutic alliance is the most effective component in helping the patient maintain medication adherence and subsequently better quality of life.

GLOBAL WARMING AND ITS IMPACT ON THE FISHERIES INDUSTRY

Several social and environmental factors such as industrialization, deforestation, erosion of toxic pollutants have played dominant role in the increase rate of the global warming. This notion has affected the various segments of the planet. Sectors such as Fishery, Firming, and Agroforestry and Forest management sectors have been facing deleterious realities because of the greenhouse emission from the last few decades. In recent times, scientist has become apprehensive about the fact of reducing the negative effects caused by the global warming. Moreover, several studies have circulated various strategies to mitigate the risk factors of greenhouse effects to protect the future of the planate.

SUBXIPHOID UNIPORTAL VATS THYMECTOMY IN CASES OF MYASTHENIA GRAVIS:SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE

Background: Thymectomy has been identified as Constructive and active strategy for patients with Myasthenia gravis and thymic masses which have been done classically by Open Sternotomy technique and nowadays new Minimally invasive approaches have also been introduced. In this paper , Subxiphoid Uniportal VATS(Video Assis Method : ted Thoracoscopic Surgery) Thymectomy through a single port technique by utilizing the Subxiphoid approach has been discussed. I have improvised my technique pertaining to the requirements and better recovery and better post operative outcome of the patient .This procedure is indicated for all anterior mediastinal masses and maybe extended to lung cancer.The patient was placed in supine position instead of classical lithotomy position .Carbon dioxide insufflation was not used which led to faster recovery after the surgery.After dissection and resection of thymus Bilateral pleural drain were placed which was removed usually on Post Operative day 4 or 5 and patients were discharged afterwards. Several benefits of this Results: approach were observed and documented including reduced postoperative pain, Early extubation, better post operative outcome, and better dissection . In the near future ,the Subxiphoid approach has the potential to become Conclusion: GOLD STANDARD for Thymectomy and various other conditions

CORRELATION OF SERUM FERRITIN AND LDH ON CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS OF COVID-19 DISEASE DURING 1ST AND 2ND WAVE OF COVID 19 PANDEMIC IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, INDIA

In both the earlier waves of COVID-19 variants, severe and fatal respiratory disease like acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) became more fatal in population with comorbid conditions. Therefore, early identi?cation of severe COVID-19 is very important for individual's precise management, including antiviral, oxygen support and intensive care unit (ICU) management. First case of COVID-19 got reported in the medical record of India on 30th January 2020 in a student who had returned from Wuhan, China. In 2020 and 2021 it was found that individuals with increased serum ferritin and LDH level landed up with severe and very severe COVID-19 if not treated timely and correctly. So correlation between S. Ferritin and LDH in 1st and 2nd wave was required to evaluate the condition of patients who remained admitted in critical care unit with or without comorbid conditions. This is hospital based cross- sectional observational study on 50-50 (total-100) critically ill patients admitted during 2020 and 2021 respectively. We found that In 2020 during the 1st wave serum LDH and serum Ferritin levels were signi?cantly high with the mean value of 481.65 U/L and 532.56 ng/ml respectively and in 2021 during 2nd wave serum LDH and serum Ferritin levels were again signi?cantly high with the mean value of 488.43 U/L and 667.27 ng/ml respectively. In 2020 patients with comorbid conditions showed S. LDH and Ferritin mean value of 543.47 U/L and 582.63 ng/ml respectively and in 2021 during 2nd wave it showed S.LDH and Ferritin levels mean value of 672.72 U/L and 727.38 ng/ml respectively. Both in?ammatory markers were signi?cantly more increased in the critically ill patients who presented with co-morbidities. This study will provide improved con?dence to health workers working in remote areas and COVID-19 hospitals in predicting transfer of COVID-19 patients to tertiary care hospitals for critical care management at the earliest.

Postoperative Comfort Score after Septoplasty among Patients Undergoing Nasal Packing versus Suturing of the Septal Flap by Modified Technique without Packing : A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background : Septal surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures performed by an Otorhinolaryngeal surgeon since ancient times. Various modifications in the approach, changing concept of conserving septal cartilage, use of an endoscope and good antibiotics to control postoperative infection have played a key role in controlling the complication rates but still, one thing which is mostly practiced worldwide is nasal packing in the postoperative period which is a nightmare for many patients, as the pain threshold varies from patient to patient. It also causes dryness of mouth, throat irritation, facial heaviness, headache, excessive watering from eyes, aural fullness. There is a lack of proper evidence to prove whether nasal packing really decreases postoperative hemorrhage as the incision is properly approximated and sutured. The main reason for nasal packing was an approximation of nasal septal flap thereby reducing the chances of septal Haematoma and stabilization of septal flap in the midline. The present study has been taken to study and compare postoperative nasal packing and modified quilting suture of the septal flap without the nasal pack. Material and Methods : This one-year prospective comparative study was conducted on 149 patients who underwent septoplasty with 3 months follow-up. One group had Postoperative nasal packing and the other had only modified septal flap suturing without the nasal pack. Results : Out of the total of 149 patients, 88 underwent nasal packing in the postoperative period and 61 patients had undergone suture of the nasal septal flap without nasal packing. A statistically significant value of VAS score was found in the non-packing group of 61 patients, where the average postoperative VAS score was 1.46 against 3.7 among the packing group of 88 patients. An unpaired t-test was applied and a value of 15.431 was obtained with a pvalue less than 0.001. No cases presented with septal perforation in the postoperative period in patients without a nasal pack and there were 2 cases (2.2%) of septal perforation in the nasal packing group. There was no significant bleeding in the postoperative period in both groups of patients. Conclusion : Stabilization of the nasal septal flap by modified quilting technique is better option after septoplasty with good comfort score.

A Questionnaire-based Study on Perceptions, Attitudes, and need Assessment regarding Geriatric Healthcare among Geriatric Outpatients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India

Background: The lack of specialized geriatric healthcare in India, coupled with an aging population, has resulted in longer wait times, communication barriers, and a potential increase in unmet needs in a demographic that is already financially and socially vulnerable. This raises the need for exploring the perspectives and needs of the geriatric patient population to improve the quality and accessibility of the healthcare they receive. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the perceptions and perceived needs of geriatric patients regarding current healthcare and their attitudes toward specialized geriatric healthcare. Materials and methods: Following the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC), a cross-sectional study was carried out among 262 geriatric patients (age >60) from seven outpatient departments (OPD). A structured 10-item questionnaire was administered to assess the perceptions and perceived needs of the study population. Results: A total of 165 (63%) patients were not satisfied with the healthcare being provided to them. Around 96.1% of patients felt the need for a separate geriatric OPD/department. A total of 98% of patients had optimistic attitudes toward the possibility of specialized geriatric healthcare. A total of >80% of the patients were willing to spend more time for checkups and follow-ups regularly if that would improve their quality of life. Conclusion: This study showed a low satisfaction rate of geriatric patients with the current healthcare and a high felt need for specialized geriatric facilities. There was an overall positive attitude of patients toward the implementation of various facilities of specialized geriatric healthcare.

Spectrum of congenital and inherited ocular disorders seen in a genetic clinic: Experience of a developing ocular genetic service

Purpose: Hereditary causes are an important etiological category of childhood blindness. This study reports the real?world experience of a developing ocular genetic service. Methods: The study was carried out from Jan 2020 to Dec 2021 jointly by the Pediatric Genetic Clinic and the Department of Ophthalmology of a tertiary care hospital in North?West India. Children presenting to the genetic clinic with congenital or late?onset ocular disorder(s) and any individual (irrespective of age) suffering from an ophthalmic disorder and referred by an ophthalmologist for genetic counseling for himself/herself and/or his/her family member(s) were included. Genetic testing (exome sequencing/panel?based sequencing/chromosomal microarray) was outsourced to third?party laboratories with the cost of the test being borne by the patient. Results: Exactly 8.6% of the registered patients in the genetic clinic had ocular disorders. Maximum number of patients belonged to the category of anterior segment dysgenesis, followed by microphthalmia anophthalmia coloboma spectrum, lens disorders, and inherited retinal disorders in decreasing numbers. The ratio of syndromic ocular to isolated ocular disorders seen was 1.8:1. Genetic testing was accepted by 55.5% of families. The genetic testing was clinically useful for ~35% of the tested cohort, with the opportunity for prenatal diagnosis being the most useful application of genetic testing. Conclusion: Syndromic ocular disorders are seen at a higher frequency compared to isolated ocular disorders in a genetic clinic. Opportunity for prenatal diagnosis is the most useful application of genetic testing in ocular disorders.

Application of Platelet?Rich Fibrin and Freeze?Dried bone Allograft Following Apicoectomy: A Comparative Assessment of Radiographic Healing

Background: Apicoectomy conceptualizes surgically maintaining a tooth with an endodontic lesion that cannot be resolved by conventional endodontic (re?) treatment. To achieve this, continuous improvement in surgical techniques, materials and instruments is being done to enhance the outcome of periapical endodontic surgeries. The purpose of this study was to compare, radiographically, the healing kinetics of platelet?rich fibrin (PRF) and mineralized freeze?dried bone allograft (FDBA) in patients undergoing apicoectomy. Materials and Methods: Nineteen patients (aged 18–40 years) were included in the study and randomly assigned to groups A or B, where they received PRF or FDBA, respectively. Following apicoectomy, PRF gel and FDBA graft were prepared and placed in the osseous defect followed by placement of PRF membrane for graft stabilization and flap closure. Radiographic follow?up was done at the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th months for evaluation of healing using Molven’s criteria. Statistical analysis was done with Pearson’s and McNemar’s Chi?square tests. Results: A highly significant difference (P = 0.002) in radiographic healing was observed at 6 months. Complete healing was observed in 50% of cases in Group A whereas in Group B, none of the cases presented with complete radiographic healing. However, at the end of 12 months, complete radiographic healing was observed in both groups. Conclusion: Our data suggest that PRF accelerates bone healing as compared to FDBA and is both time and cost?efficient.

Changing Sleep Patterns and Anxiety due to Covid?19 Home Confinement among Working Population: A Cross?Sectional Study

Introduction: The COVID?19 pandemic took the entire world unawares and people were forced to stay indoors overnight. Due to this a drastic change ensued in lifestyle with many succumbing to various kinds of stresses and psychological problems. This study aims to study the changing sleep patterns and level of anxiety among the working population due to the COVID?19 Pandemic lockdown. Methodology: An online survey was conducted using a cloud?based website. The sleep patterns both prior to and during the lockdown period of the pandemic were assessed using a self?administered questionnaire. The level of anxiety during both these periods (before and during lockdown) amongst the working population was also assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scores (GADS). Results: A total of 224 individuals participated in the study of which 52.7% were males and 47.3% were females. On analysis, the lifestyle and sleep deprivation scores showed that before the lockdown only 2.7% reported a low score out of total participants. However, this number was raised to 13.4% during the lockdown. The percentage of people reporting deteriorated sleep quality gradually increased with females reporting moderate to severe category of Generalized Anxiety Disorder scores as compared to Males. Conclusion: The study suggests that there has been a significant change in the sleep quality of the study participants due to Covid enforced lockdown which if unnoticed might lead to significant health problems. The effective use of programs like yoga, meditation, and deep breathing exercises, if followed timely could reduce psychological distress to some extent.