ABSTRACT
Feeding the growing global human population is a tough challenge. Researchers look towards lesser known food crops which are nutritionally adequate, if not superior than the common major crops. Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tartaricum L. Gaerth), also called ‘pseudocereal’, is one such multipurpose crop with promising nutritive value. To enhance utilization of buckwheat as supplement food, here, we did genetic diversity analysis for nutritional parameters. Significant genetic diversity was observed in buckwheat germplasm for 24 nutritional parameters including total oil content (0.75-5.45%), oleic acid (36.98-47.87%), linoleic acid (32.75-44.61%), total protein content (5.65-14.17%), lysine (4.19-8.63 g/16 g N), methionine (0.54-2.48 g/16 g N) and half cystine (0.82-3.57 g/16 g N). The entire germplasm was grouped into three clusters. Cluster I comprised accessions promising high oil, stearic acid, oleic acid, least in linoleic acid and essential amino acids. Cluster II had accessions promising quality oil with highest linoleic acid and linolenic acid (PUFA) and highest half-cystine and glycine. Cluster III possesed promising accessions for highest oil percent, total protein, high essential amino acids and highest test weight. The inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) analysis using 26 primers indicated significant genetic diversity existed at molecular level. This study includes large number of accessions analyzed for nutridiversity in entire spectrum of germplasm collections of the world. Nutritionally rich promising genotypes identified will be potential genetic stocks for making buckwheat, a prospective supplement food crop.
ABSTRACT
The community associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is a serious issue of public health. Here, we conducted an experimental approach to determine: (i) the optimal significant stimulation range of electrical current for effective checking of CA-MRSA growth; (ii) the effect of electrical stimulations on methicillin susceptibility and possible beta lactam resistance reversal; and (iii) the variation in the level of ATP as function of exposure to electric current. An 8 chambered electrical system was developed for DC flow in control and test sets, with and without drug (oxacillin 4 mg/ml). Measurement of growth by CFU/ml and spectrometry, susceptibility and ATP levels were calculated and interpreted. Linear pattern in reduction of ATP was observed with respect to the intensity of electric current (EC) and an enhanced inhibitory effect was explicit with 1000 microampere (μA) with 30 min exposure. At 4000 μA exposure to DC at 180 min and in combination of drug (μA+D), the growth of CA-MRSA was substantially checked to 0.23 absorbance in comparison to current without drug and the effect of DC electrical current to the culture showed that 10 μA, 100 μA and 4000 μA current exposure in combination of oxacillin (μA+D), markedly reduced the CFU to an average of 256.4. ATP level was linearly reduced with exposure to EC.