ABSTRACT
Introduction: The present study was conducted to note the osteological evidence of a synovial joint between clavicle and first rib in Indians. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted on 310 pairs of adult clavicles and first ribs, out of which 210 pairs were males and 100 pairs were females obtained from the Anatomy department of Pt. B. D. Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak. The articular facets were studied and measured with the help of a sliding Vernier caliper (Micropole). Results: Among 210 pairs (420 no.) of male clavicles examined, 6 clavicles (2.86%) had a circumscribed smooth articular facet with well-defined margins. Out of these 6 clavicles, 3 (1.43%) were of right side and 3(1.43%) were of left side. A corresponding facet was present on the first ribs of the same skeletons. The facets were found to be present unilaterally and that too in males only. The measurements of the articular facets on the rhomboid area of the clavicles and ribs were-the average length, width and elevation was 7mm, 5.4mm and 2.2mm respectively. Conclusion: These articular facets on the rhomboid area of clavicles and first ribs are osteological evidence of a synovial articulation between clavicle and first rib.
ABSTRACT
Background: Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI) is a quantitative radiomorphometric index of the mandible. It is an important indicator of mandibular bone mineral density. Objectives: To examine the age and gender related variations associated with the panoramic mandibular index and their effect in a group of North-Indian population of Haryana. Methods: 60 adult human orthopantomographs were evaluated and divided into six age groups (35-65 years) with equal number of males and females. Panoramic mandibular index was measured bilaterally on every radiograph. The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Stastistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 18. The tests employed were Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and the unpaired T-test. Results: The male mean panoramic mandibular index values ranged from 0.3 ± 0.025 to 0.381 ± 0.019, whereas the female mean panoramic mandibular values ranged from 0.286 ± 0.306 to 0.36 ± 0.007. Panoramic mandibular index showed significant negative correlation with age in both the sexes. Inter-age group comparisons showed statistically significant differences between the youngest and eldest age-groups in both the genders. Female values were lower than male values in all age groups, but sexual dimorphism was not observed. Conclusion: Panoramic mandibular index was influenced significantly by the variations in age but minimally by the gender related variations.
ABSTRACT
Background: The gonial region of mandible plays a significant role in the determination of mandibular basal bone morphology. Gonial Angle is important for maintenance of a harmonius facial profile whereas Gonial Index is an indicator of the bone quality of the mandibular gonial region. Objectives: To examine the influence of age on two quantitative radiomorphometric indices of mandible, Gonial Angle (GA) and Gonial Index (GI) in a group of North-Indian population. Material and Methods: 60 adult human orthopantomographs were evaluated and divided into six age groups (35-65 years) with equal number of cases. Gonial Angle and Gonial Index were measured bilaterally on each radiograph. The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and other interrelationships between the indices. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version No. 18 and Mann- Whitney tests were used for various comparisons. Results: Gonial angle showed a significant positive correlation with age as the mean gonial angle values showed an increase with increasing age. Whereas in sharp contrast to this, gonial index showed no correlation with age as the mean gonial index values showed no pattern of either increase or decrease with increase in age. The correlation between gonial angle and gonial index was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Age had a significant influence on the angular radiomorphometric index i.e. gonial angle but the linear radiomorphometric index i.e. gonial index remained independent of age.