ABSTRACT
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are one of the most abundant metal oxides nanoparticles. It provides excellent thermal, electrical and chemical stabilities with low biotoxicity; its photo-oxidising and photo-catalytic impact on biological and chemical species is of great importance, thereby making it a promising candidate to be used for in-vitro and in-vivo studies in biomedical field. Hereby, ZnO NPs were synthesized using precipitation method with zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide as starting materials. This study has characterized the synthesized ZnO NPs using different techniques such as UV-Visible spectroscopy indicating a peak at 365 nm wave length, size of ZnO NPs was determined to be 286.7 nm by measuring hydrodynamic radii using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) phenomena. Further predominant charge existing at surface of the synthesised ZnO NPs was evaluated to be 31.6mV. Anti-microbial activity of ZnO NPs was determined by Kirby-Bauer method for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, S. aureus and E. colirespectively. Anti-microbial activity was determined as Zone of Inhibition that measures both bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity of ZnO NPs and was found to be more potent for Gram-positive (S. aureus)bacteria and its activity increased with increasing concentration of nanoparticles. Growth kinetics was studied to determine percentage growth inhibition, for this optical density was recorded as a function of time in bacterial culture broth with and without treatment. Further DNA fragmentation assay was performed to determine genotoxicity caused by nanoparticles and its effect on genomic DNA of bacteria. Highlighting its potential role as a nano-carrier system for leading antibacterial drugs for enhanced effectiveness of the antibacterial therapies
ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of the study to develop surface modified targeted moiety α-tocopherol (α-t) encapsulated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-poly-D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) toward the anticancer activity against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: 5-FU was conjugated with the polymer, PLGA by ionic cross-linking and α-tocopherol use as a functionalized surface moiety. Characterization, drug entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro drug release system were optimized at different pH 7.4 and pH 4.5. The in-vitro cell was performed to optimize the anticancer activity through MTT assay and apoptotic staining assay was also performed by flow cytometry to evaluate the cellular apoptotic activity and cellular uptake. Results: The particle size was distributed within an average range of 145–162 nm, the polydispersity index values lie 0.16–0.30, and the surface charge was at the negative side, –17mV to –23mV. The in vitro drug release system showed more sympathetic situation at pH 7.4 as compared to pH 4.5, for targeted NPs, approximately 86% and 69%, respectively. The non-targeted 5-FU-PLGA NPs showed drug release of 83% and 64% at pH 7.4 and 4.5 subsequently. In vitro anticancer activity confirmed the intense inhibition by α-t-FU-PLGA NPs of 79.98% after 96 h treatment of SCC15 cells and confirmed the steady-state inhibition of 83.74% after 160 h incubation in comparison to 5-FU-PLGA NPs. Subsequently, the early apoptosis, 27.98%, and 16.45%, and late apoptosis, 47.29%, and 32.57%, suggested the higher apoptosis rate in targeted NPs against OSCC. Conclusions: The surface modified α-t-FU-PLGA NP was treated over SCC15 cells, and the oral cancer cells have shown the high intensity of cellular uptake, which confirmed that the target moiety has successfully invaded over the surface of cancer cells and shown advanced targeted delivery against OSCC
ABSTRACT
Choanal polyps can be classified as antrochoanal, sphenochoanal or ethmochoanal polyps depending upon the site of origin, in comparison to common nasal polyps and antrochoanal polyps, reports of sphenochoanal polyps are relatively rare. Authors present a case of a 18 year old boy presenting to the clinic with unilateral nasal obstruction and nasal tone in voice, which was a diagnostic dilemma for the radiology department as it was misdiagnosed unable to be differentiated by CT scan. MRI scan of the patient confirmed the diagnosis of a sphenochoanal polyp. We aspire to widen the horizon of the knowledge by discussing the case and enabling timely diagnosis and treatment.
ABSTRACT
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a most prevalent potentially malignant disorder associated with betel quid chewing frequently observed in the Indian population. The present study conducted is much of a keen interest because there is much new information, both in the press and the medical literature, about the benefits of fresh fruits and vegetables and antioxidants (such as lycopene and curcumin) for both prevention and treatment of diseases. As clinicians, we often prescribe medications with significant adverse effects, and certainly, if armed with evidence to support using such antioxidants as safer therapeutic alternatives for treatment of OSMF. Aims and Objective: The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the efficacy of lycopene and curcumin given orally in clinically diagnosed OSMF patients. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients were divided randomly into two groups Group A and Group B. After fulfilling the eligibility criteria, sixty patients were randomly allotted based on fishbowl method into thirty each. This technique eliminated the selection bias arising in the study. Group A individuals were treated with 4 mg of lycopene and Group B individuals were given 300 mg of curcumin thrice daily for 3 months. Both the groups were assessed in terms of mouth opening and burning sensation. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 16.0 statistical Analysis Software. Results: In Group A, the initial burning sensation was 65.83 ± 3.98%, and in Group B, it was 62.33 ± 5.22% (visual analog scale). After 3 months, there was complete cessation of burning sensation in both the groups. Burning sensation between the groups was statistically nonsignificant (P > 0.05). In Group A, mean mouth opening at baseline (1st visit) observed was 3.17 ± 0.08 cm which improved to 3.52 ± 0.07 cm after 3 months of the treatment period. In Group B, mean mouth opening at baseline (1st visit) observed was 3.32 ± 0.07 cm which improved to 3.52 ± 0.08 cm after 3 months of the treatment period. On comparing intergroup, the difference was statistically nonsignificant (P > 0.05). However, on comparing intergroup, average percent change in mean mouth opening from 1st visit to subsequent time intervals across the time period was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Group A showed 11.1 ± 1.0% improvement in mean mouth opening and Group B showed 6.2 ± 0.4% improvement in the mean mouth opening from the 1st visit till the posttreatment period. The change in the mean mouth opening from 1st visit till posttreatment in Group A was 0.35 ± 0.14, and in Group B, it was 0.20 ± 0.09. Conclusion: Lycopene showed better results than curcumin in improving mouth opening; both the drugs were equally effective in decreasing burning sensation in OSMF patients.
ABSTRACT
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of parotid, a rare disease, was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration in a young child and later confirmed on histopathology. Of all salivary gland tumors, mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most difficult to diagnose by fine needle aspiration cytology due to overlapping cytomorphology with benign lesions. So, fine needle aspiration cytology helps in early diagnosis and management