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1.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 42(4): 329-339, Oct.-Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1145179

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Specialized psychosocial care centers (Centros de Atenção Psicossocial [CAPS]) are mental health services focused on social rehabilitation and reducing hospitalization of patients with severe and persistent mental illness. Collective multiprofessional activities (CMPA) are the main therapeutic tools used at CAPS. This study aimed to determine rates of adherence to CMPA and identify factors associated with adherence. Methods This is a cross-sectional study in which 111 CAPS users were evaluated using questionnaires covering patient characteristics, clinical status, and treatment and incorporating the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST), the Clinical Global Impression - Severity scale (CGI-S), and the Clinical Global Impression - Improvement scale (CGI-I). Adherence was defined as attendance at 50% or more CMPA during the previous 3 months. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and Poisson logistic regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios. Results CPMA adherence was 43%. Having children aged 14 years or younger was significantly associated with non-adherence (71%, p = 0.001). Poor or partial adherence to psychotropic drugs tended to be associated (p = 0.066) with poor adherence (33% higher risk), as was the number of psychiatric hospitalizations during CAPS (p = 0.076), with a cumulative association of 5% non-adherence per hospitalization. Conclusions CMPA adherence was low in the study. It is necessary to consider the environment in which the individual lives and invest in support networks, providing patients and family members with explanations about the importance of CMPA to rehabilitation and attempting to tailor the care provided to each patient's needs. There was an association between greater number of psychiatric hospitalizations and non-adherence, suggesting that CAPS are fulfilling a preventive role.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Patient Care Team/statistics & numerical data , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Psychiatric Rehabilitation/statistics & numerical data , Psychosocial Intervention/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/rehabilitation , Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Socialization , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ambulatory Care Facilities/statistics & numerical data
2.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 14(4): 422-426, July-Aug. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-561219

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common cause of acute or chronic hepatitis in patients on hemodialysis (HD). The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of positive HCV RNA and investigate injection drug use as an emerging risk factor in patients with chronic renal disease on HD. METHODS: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study with 325 patients with chronic renal disease on HD in the period between August 1, 2005 to August 30, 2006, receiving care at four institutions in the city of Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. Epidemiological data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire. The following laboratory tests were performed: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV), and qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Of 325 patients, 68 had positive HCV RNA results. The comparison between patients with positive and negative PCR results revealed significant differences in duration of HD (mean = 71 versus 52.4 months; p = 0.02); previous blood transfusion (92 percent versus 72 percent; p < 0.01); injection drug use (13 percent versus 0.7 percent; p < 0.01); anti-HCV positivity at start of HD therapy (60 percent versus 4 percent; p < 0.01); and mean ALT value (39 versus 26.5; p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed a positive HCV RNA independently associated to being on HD for more than five years [OR: 2.1 (95 percent CI 1.2 -3.8)]; previous blood transfusion [OR: 3.7 (95 percent CI 1.4 - 9.5)]; and injection drug use [OR: 22.6 (95 percent CI 4.2 - 119.6)]. CONCLUSION: Injection drug use was an independent risk factor for HCV infection among chronic renal disease patients on HD.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis C/etiology , RNA, Viral/blood , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Substance-Related Disorders/complications , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Risk Factors , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Young Adult
3.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 53(3): 313-318, jul.-set. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-566970

ABSTRACT

O câncer de ovário apresenta a maior taxa de mortalidade entre as neoplasias ginecológicas, sendo a maioria dos casos diagnosticados em estágio avançado. O diagnóstico precoce é passo fundamental no manejo e controle da doença. No entanto, estratégias de rastreamento populacional não têm se mostrado efetivas para a redução de mortalidade. O rastreamento em população de alto risco (história familiar), por outro lado, é recomendado por comitês especializados. A associação entre a dosagem sérica de CA 125 e a US transvaginal, feita de forma periódica e sequencial, é o método mais utilizado em programas de rastreamento.


Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecological neoplasias, most of the cases being diagnosed at advanced stage. Early diagnosis is crucial for management and control of the disease. Population screening strategies, however, have not been effective in reducing mortality. On the other hand, the screening in high risk populations (family history) is recommended by expert committees. The combination of serum CA 125 measurement and transvaginal ultrasound, performed in periodical and sequential fashion, is the most common method used in screening programs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Diagnosis , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis , Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms/prevention & control , Ovarian Neoplasms/psychology , Mass Screening/methods , Mass Screening/psychology , Mass Screening/trends , Incidence
4.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 31(2): 106-113, jun. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-517898

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between depression and illicit drug dependence among a Latin-American population. METHOD: illicit drug dependent patients (n = 137) and controls (n = 274) were interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies, in order to detect lifetime and current depressive disorder and illicit (cocaine, cannabis or inhalants) substance dependence. A regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio for drug dependence according to the diagnosis of depression. RESULTS: The lifetime diagnosis of depression (p = 0.001; OR = 4.9; 95 percent CI, 1.9-12.7) predicts illegal drugs dependence. Sociodemographic variables such as male gender (p < 0.001; OR = 36.8; 95 percent CI, 11.8-114) and occupational situation (p = 0.002; OR = 5.0; 95 percent CI, 1.8-13) as well as alcohol dependence (p = 0.01; OR = 3.4; 95 percent CI, 1.3-8.7) significantly influenced depression and drug dependence. Additional influent factors detected were having parents (p = 0.006; OR = 18.9; 95 percent CI, 2.3-158) or friends (p < 0.001; OR = 64.4; 95 percent CI, 6.5-636) who are illicit drugs dependents. CONCLUSION: although a causal relationship between dependence on illicit drugs and depression cannot be determined, comparison of the sequence of events point to the occurrence of depression later in life than dependence. It remains to be determined whether depression is a comorbidity of dependence, sharing etiological factors, or a consequence of drug abuse and/or abstinence.


OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a associação entre depressão e dependência de drogas ilícitas entre a população Latino-Americana. MÉTODO: Indivíduos dependentes de drogas ilícitas (n = 137) e controles (n = 274) foram entrevistados pela Entrevista Diagnóstica para Estudos Genéticos para investigar desordem depressiva corrente, ou durante sua vida, e dependência de drogas ilícitas (cocaína, maconha ou inalantes). Análise de regressão logística foi usada para estimar a razão de chances para dependência de drogas levando em conta o diagnóstico de depressão. RESULTADOS: O diagnóstico de depressão durante sua vida (p = 0,001; OR = 4,9; 95 por cento CI, 1,9-12,7) prediz a dependência de drogas ilícitas. Os dados sociodemográficos sexo masculino (p < 0,001; OR = 36,8; 95 por cento CI, 11,8-114) e situação ocupacional (p = 0,002; OR = 5,0; 95 por cento CI, 1,8-13), e a dependência de álcool (p = 0,01; OR = 3,4; 95 por cento CI, 1,3-8,7) influenciam significativamente a depressão e a dependência de drogas. Ainda, outros fatores importantes que influenciam são ter pais (p = 0,006; OR = 18,9; 95 por cento CI, 2,3-158) ou amigos (p < 0,001; OR = 64,4; 95 por cento CI, 6,5-636) dependentes de drogas ilícitas. CONCLUSÃO: O delineamento utilizado não possibilitou evidenciar a seqüência de eventos no processo de causalidade. No entanto, a variável depressão ocorreu com maior freqüência após a iniciação do uso de drogas. Sugere-se a realização de estudos para avaliar se a depressão é uma comorbidade da dependência ou uma conseqüência do abuso de drogas ou abstinência.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Depressive Disorder/epidemiology , Illicit Drugs/adverse effects , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) , Odds Ratio , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Young Adult
5.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 28(4): 265-269, dez. 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-440219

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale is an instrument used to evaluate the severity of social phobia. It has been widely used in different contexts and cultures, presenting variable psychometric properties. The objective of this article is to investigate the internal consistency and the factor structure of this scale. METHOD: In a sample of 300 alcoholic patients hospitalized in 3 mental clinics in Southern Brazil, 74 of them were social phobics (24.6 percent). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-Axis I Disorders - Patient Edition, a semi-structured clinical interview based on DSM-IV, was used to check for the diagnosis of social phobia. The internal consistency was measured by Cronbach's alpha. Data were subjected to a factor analysis with the principal component method of parameter estimation. Questionnaire items loading at 0.35 or above were considered in the final factor solution. RESULTS: The coefficient of internal consistency was 0.95. All items showed corrected item-total correlation coefficient above 0.15, considered the minimum requested index. The factor analysis resulted in 5 dimensions which corresponded to 52.9 percent of the total variance. The five factors extracted were: factor I - speaking in a group, factor II - activity in public, factor III - social interaction with unknown person, factor IV - attitude of disagreement or disapproval and factor V - social interaction in leisure activity. CONCLUSIONS: The scale proved to be reliable and structurally valid instrument for use in a population of alcoholic patients. The possibility of screening for social phobia through the use of the instrument may be helpful in identifying probable cases of the disorder among alcoholics.


OBJETIVO: A Escala de Ansiedade Social de Liebowitz é um instrumento utilizado na avaliação da gravidade da fobia social. Tem sido amplamente usada em diferentes contextos e culturas, apresentando propriedades psicométricas variadas. O objetivo do artigo é investigar a consistência interna e a estrutura fatorial da escala. MÉTODO: A escala foi aplicada em uma amostra com 300 pacientes alcoolistas hospitalizados em três clínicas psiquiátricas na região Sul do Brasil, sendo 74 deles fóbicos sociais (24,6 por cento). O SCID-I/P, entrevista clínica semi-estruturada baseada no DSM-IV, foi usado para avaliação do diagnóstico de fobia social. A consistência interna foi medida pelo Alfa de Cronbach. Os dados foram submetidos à análise fatorial com estimativa de parâmetros por meio da análise do componente principal. Todos os itens do questionário de cargas fatoriais maiores ou iguais a 0,35 foram considerados na solução final da análise fatorial. RESULTADOS: O coeficiente de consistência interna foi de 0,95. Todos os itens mostraram coeficientes de correlação entre o item e a totalidade dos itens maiores do que 0,15, o menor índice aceitável. A análise fatorial resultou em cinco dimensões que correspondiam a 52,9 por cento da variância total. Os cinco fatores excluídos foram: fator I - falar em público; fator II - atividade em público; fator III - interação social com pessoa desconhecida; fator IV - atitude de discordância ou enfrentamento; e fator V - interação social em atividade de lazer. CONCLUSÕES: A escala mostrou-se confiável e estruturalmente válida quando utilizada em populações de pacientes alcoolistas. A possibilidade de rastreamento da fobia social através do uso do instrumento pode ser de grande utilidade na identificação de prováveis casos entre alcoolistas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Alcoholism/psychology , Phobic Disorders/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Brazil , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Self-Assessment , Translating
6.
Cad. saúde pública ; 22(8): 1649-1659, ago. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-430929

ABSTRACT

Estratégias em saúde baseadas na atenção primária à saúde vêm aumentando no Brasil. Existe um instrumento aplicado a usuários, o Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool), que mede a extensão dos atributos da atenção primária à saúde, já validado nos Estados Unidos. Objetivamos adaptar o PCATool ao Brasil e analisar sua validade e confiabilidade, por meio de estudo seccional de validação da sua versão infantil. A validação constou de: tradução e tradução reversa, adaptação, pré-teste, validade de construto, consistência interna e análise de confiabilidade. O questionário foi aplicado a 468 cuidadores de crianças cadastradas em 18 serviços de atenção básica de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, representativos deste universo de usuários. Na análise fatorial foram identificadas oito dimensões, com o ade Cronbach variando de 0,74 a 0,88. O instrumento final ficou com 45 itens, divididos em oito atributos (acesso de primeiro contato, continuidade, coordenação, três atributos de integralidade, orientação familiar e comunitária). Estes resultados indicaram que o PCATool-Brasil possui adequada validade e confiabilidade, podendo constituir-se em instrumento nacional de avaliação da atenção primária à saúde após sua aplicação em outros contextos populacionais.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Child Health Services/standards , Primary Health Care/standards , Quality Assurance, Health Care/methods , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Quality Assurance, Health Care/standards , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires , Translating
7.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 23(2/3): 74-80, May-Dec. 1999. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137470

ABSTRACT

Resumo: Este artigo compara as opiniões de estudantes britânicos e brasileiros sobre a qualidade do ensino na graduação, a ênfase dada ao ensino de especialidades e ao ensino de Medicina Geral Comunitária, além da ocorrência de arrependimento em estudar Medicina. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de um questionário padronizado, com perguntas quantitativas e de lista livre a estudantes em diferentes níveis da graduação. Constatou-se, com base na opinião dos alunos, ênfase excessiva no ensino de especialidades em detrimento do ensino de medicina geral no Brasil, com diferença significativa (p < 0,05) quando comparado com a Grã-Bretanha. Encontrou-se, também, menor porcentagem de estudantes brasileiros (32%) dispostos a especializar-se em MGC do que na Grã-Bretanha (55%), havendo diferença significativa (p < 0,05). Quanto à ocorrência de arrependimento, não houve diferenças significativas entre os dois países, mas, no Brasil, observa-se excessiva preocupação dos alunos em formar um currículo competitivo para a disputa de vagas de residência médica ("curriculite"), o que não ocorre na Grã-Bretanha.


Abstract: This article compares opinions among British and Brazilian students with regrets to the quality of undergraduate teaching and emphasis given to the teaching of hospital specialities and community general practice. It also investigated the frequency of regret at studying medicine. Data were collected by applying a standardized questionnaire of quantitative and free-list questions among undergraduate students at different levels. In the Brazilian students' opinions, excessive emphasis is placed on the teaching of hospital specialties, to the detriment of general practice, significantly different (p < 0,05) from the situation in Great Britain. In addition, a smaller proportion of Brazilian students (32%) were willing to enter general practice than British students (55%), with significant differences (p < 0,05). No significant differences were found between the two countries in relation to the occurrence of regret at studying medicine. In Brazil though, were found to be over­concerned to form a competitive résumé to dispute places on medical residency programs, which did not happen in Great Britain.

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