ABSTRACT
Acute gastroenteritis caused by viruses is one of the leading causes of infantile morbidity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of human caliciviruses of the genera norovirus and sapovirus in children up to 3 years of age with acute gastroenteritis from low-income communities in the city of Salvador, Brazil. This study is an extension of previous work carried out to establish the profile of the most prevalent enteric pathogens present in these communities. In this report, 139 fecal samples, collected from July 2001 to January 2002 were analyzed by RT-PCR and 13 (9 percent) were positive for human caliciviruses. By sequencing, seven isolates were characterized as norovirus genogroup GII and one as sapovirus genotype GII/1. Sequencing of the previously detected group-A rotaviruses and human astroviruses was also performed and revealed the circulation of rotavirus group A genotypes G1P[8] and G9P[8], and human astrovirus genotypes 6, 7, and 8. No mixed infection was observed. Community-based studies provide geographically representative information on disease burden. However, there are only a few reports in developing countries concerning the genotypes of the most important gastroenteric viruses detected in such communities. The present findings demonstrate the wide diversity of genotypes of the most important viruses responsible for acute gastroenteritis circulating in low-income communities.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Caliciviridae Infections/virology , Gastroenteritis/virology , Norovirus/genetics , Sapovirus/genetics , Acute Disease , Brazil/epidemiology , Caliciviridae Infections/diagnosis , Caliciviridae Infections/epidemiology , Feces/virology , Genotype , Gastroenteritis/diagnosis , Gastroenteritis/epidemiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Norovirus/isolation & purification , Phylogeny , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Viral/analysis , Sapovirus/isolation & purification , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
As part of a major study to evaluate the relationship between environmental changes and occurrence of the infection, prevalence and intensity of infection by intestinal parasites was studied in a sample of school children aged 7 to 14 years living in the City of Salvador. The prevalence of infection by at least one species of protozoa or helminth was 66.1%. Prevalence of infection by helminths increased with age. For all helminth species male children presented the highest prevalence.
Como parte de um estudo para avaliar as relações entre mudanças ambientais e ocorrência de infecções, estudou-se a prevalência e intensidade de parasitas intestinais em uma amostra de crianças em idade escolar, residentes em Salvador. A prevalência de infectados por pelo menos um protozoário/helminto foi 66,1%. A prevalência da infecção por helmintos, se eleva com o aumento da idade das crianças, sendo os meninos mais intensamente infectados.