An analysis on the present situation of post setting in CDCs of Zhejiang Province / 预防医学

Objective To analyze the present post setting situation of CDCs in Zhejiang Province, and to provide evidence for further improvement and standardization of post setting. Methods The data of post setting were collected by questionnaires from all levels of CDCs in Zhejiang Province. The compliance and rationality of post setting structure were evaluated by national and provincial normative policy documents. Results Ninety seven CDCs had implemented the post setting. Professional technical posts had the highest proportion (above 80%) among three kinds of posts. As the approved proportions of posts classification and professional titles were approved by the local government, there were differences between different levels of CDCs. The approved proportion of ground skilled posts and management posts between municipal and county CDCs had a relatively higher degree of dispersion, and the CVs of ground skilled posts and management posts of municipal CDCs were 72.3% and 65.6%, and the CVs of county CDCs were 101.6% and 82.1%. In terms of the approved professional titles structural proportion, the degree of dispersion appeared to be higher in senior titles and primary titles approved proportion of municipal CDCs (CV=29.1%, 28.5%), while the degree of dispersion was higher in senior titles and vice-senior titles of county CDCs (CV=58.9%, 21.8%) . Meanwhile, the approved proportions of senior titles in municipal and county CDCs were lower with the averages of 32.2% and 17.0%. The posts of infectious disease prevention and control and laboratory detection were accounting for the majority posts in municipal and county CDCs with average percentages of 47.8% and 45.1% . Conclusion The present situation of post structural proportion meets the relevant requirements generally. However, there are some phenomena of non-standard approved proportion of ground skilled posts and management posts and low senior titles approved proportion. Meanwhile, the percentage of infectious disease prevention and control and laboratory detection posts appears to be lower in county CDCs.

An analysis on the personnel allocation and basic quality structure of middle-level cadres in CDCs of Zhejiang Province / 预防医学

Objective Toanalyzethepersonnelallocationandbasicqualitystructureofmiddle-levelcadresinCDCsof ZhejiangProvince.Methods DatawerecollectedfromthenationalbasicinformationsystemofCDCs.Anddescriptive statistics,chi-square test and Kruskal -Wallis H test were used to analyze the differences of middle -level cadres'personnelallocationandbasicqualityamongthreelevelsofCDCs.Results Theallocationratioofmiddle-levelcadresin management departments was 25.58%,27.32% and 23.58% for provincial level,city level and county level of CDCs respectively,which was 74.42%,72.68% and 76.42% in management departments respectively.There were significant differences in ages,working years,education levels,majors and titles across different levels of CDCs (P<0.05 ).And there were significant differences in education levels across counties with different economic levels (P<0.05 ). Conclusion Thepersonnelallocationofmiddle-levelcadreswithexcellentbasicqualityindifferentlevelsofCDCsin Zhejiang Province was reasonable.

Detection of co-infection with Lyme spirochetes and Spotted fever group rickettsiae in a group of Haemaphysalis longicornis / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective The present study was conducted to investigate the infection of Lyme disease, Spotted fever, Ehrlichiosis (anaplasmosisin) in wild animals and ticks in the mountain areas of Zhejiang province. Methods Nested polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify specific DNA sequences of Lyme spirochetes, Spotted fever group rickettsiae, Ehrlichia (anaplasma) from samples of mice and ticks. Results 14 positive samples were identified from 121 mice and 105 groups of ticks. Among mice samples, one positive 5S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer of Borreia burgdorferi and two 5' fragments of Ehrlichia (anaplasma) 16S rDNA were obtained. 11 positive results were detected from tick samples including three 5S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer regions of Borreia burgdorferi and eight 5' fragments of Spotted fever group rickettsiae outer member protein A gene. One group of adult ticks, Haemaphysalis longicornis, which had been collected from eastern mountain area were detected to have co-infected with Lyme spirochetes and Spotted fever group rickettsiae. The positive sequences of 5S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer and ompA gene were tested and analyzed as Lyme spirochetes while rickettsia which was closely related to Borrelia valaisiana and R. massilliae. Conclusion This was the first report about co-infection of Lyme spirochetes and Spotted fever group rickettsiae found in the same group of adult Haemaphysalis longicornis. It is very important to strengthen the surveillance program on tick-borne infectious disease and their pathogenic in vectors, wild animals and targeted high risk groups and to differentiate the clinical manifestation and diagnosis to extend the knowledge of tick-borne infectious diseases in Zhejiang.

Molecular biological analysis of genotyping and phylogeny of severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>SARS-CoV is the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) which has been associated with outbreaks of SARS in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Beijing of China, and other regions worldwide. SARS-CoV from human has shown some variations but its origin is still unknown. The genotyping and phylogeny of SARS-CoV were analyzed and reported in this paper.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Full or partial genomes of 44 SARS-CoV strains were collected from GenBank. The genotype, single nucleotide polymorphism and phylogeny of these SARS-CoV strains were analyzed by molecular biological, bioinformatic and epidemiological methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 188 point mutations in the 33 virus full genomes with the counts of mutation mounting to 297. Further analysis was carried out among 36 of 188 loci with more than two times of mutation. All the 36 mutation loci occurred in coding sequences and 22 loci were non-synonymous. The gene mutation rates of replicase 1AB, S2 domain of spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein were lower (0.079% - 0.103%). There were 4 mutation loci in S1 domain of spike glycoprotein. The gene mutation rate of ORF10 was the highest (3.333%) with 4 mutation loci in this small domain (120 bp) and 3 of 4 loci related to deletion mutation. By bioinformatics processing and analysis, the nucleotides at 7 loci of genome (T:T:A:G:T:C:T/C:G:G:A:C:T:C) can classify SARS-CoV into two types. Therefore a novel definition is put forward that according to these 7 loci of mutation, 40 strains of SARS-CoV in GenBank can be grouped into two genotypes, T:T:A:G:T:C:T and C:G:G:A:C:T:C, and named as SARS-CoV Yexin genotype and Xiaohong genotype. The two genotypes can be further divided into some sub-genotypes. These genotypes can also be approved by phylogenetic tree of three levels of 44 loci of mutation, spike glycoprotein gene and complete genome sequence. Compared to various strains among SARS-CoV Yexin genotype and Xiaohong genotype, GD01 strain of Yexin genotype is more closely related to SARS-CoV like-virus from animals.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results mentioned above suggest that SARS-CoV is responding to host immunological pressures and experiencing variation which provide clues, information and evidence of molecular biology for the clinical pathology, vaccine developing and epidemic investigation.</p>