ABSTRACT
Back ground: Fine needle cytology is a valuable adjunct to preoperative diagnosis of thyroid lesions and it can helps in assessment of benign and malignant condition.Aims and objectives: To compare the efficacy of fine needle non aspiration cytology (FNNAC) with that of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in thyroid lesions.Materials and methods:FNAC and FNNAC techniques were studied in 50 cases of thyroid lesions. All the needle-sampling procedures were done by a single operator.The samples were assessed cytologically and evaluated using Mair et al scoring systemResult: The degree of cellular trauma, degree of cellular degeneration, blood contamination were less and the retention of architecture and cellular yield was more in FNNAC compared to FNAC with significant statistical difference. More number of FNNAC smears are diagnostically superior. Conclusion: The FNNAC technique is the first and best choice for vascular organ like thyroid compared to FNAC.
ABSTRACT
Background: Gastric carcinomas have various pathological features. Based on patterns of growth and invasiveness, however, they fall into two types: diffuse type and intestinal type. These two types of carcinoma appear to be different in their histogenetic origins. Objectives: To analyse various types of gastric cancer reported in last five years. To compare the features of intestinal and diffuse type gastric carcinoma including gross appearance, staging, grading of tumor. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 324 gastric cancer which were surgically resected and received over 5 years. The tumors were divided into groups according to their gross and microscopic patterns. Gross appearance was classified based on Borrmann classification. Microscopic features evaluated include tumor cell type, extent of invasion, degree of maturation, formation of glandular structures, nodal metastasis. Results: Totally 320 cases of gastric cancer were received of which 218(68%) were male, 102(32%) were female. Gastric cancers are rare below the age of 30 years. Comparing the type of gastric cancer intestinal type were 269(84%), diffuse type were 24(7.5%) and other type of gastric cancer including GIST, lymphoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma were 27(8.5%). Younger patients have higher stage of lymph node metastasis in diffuse type, but not for the intestinal type. Conclusion: Gastric cancer more common in male (M:F= 2:1) and most frequently seen in 5th decade. Intestinal type constitutes the most common type of gastric tumor. Gross appearance of diffuse type was predominantly infiltrative (79%).