ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE ：To est ablish the method for the determination of 20（S）-protopanaxadiol（PPD）concentration in human plasma. METHODS ：Plasma samples were precipitated with acetonitrile and determined by UPLC-MS/MS ，using finandrogen as internal standard. The determination was performed on Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T 3 column with mobile phase consisted of 5 mmol/L ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution-acetonitrile （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 40 ℃，and sample size was 10 μL. The ion source was electrospray ion source，and negative ion scanning was carried out with multiple reaction monitoring mode . The ion pairs used for quantitative analysis were m/z 459.40→ 375.20（PPD）and m/z 371.30→315.30（internal standard ）. At the same time ，the method was applied to the determination of clinical samples. RESULTS ：The linear range of PPD was 0.25-30.00 ng/mL（r＝0.999 2），and the limit of quantitation was 0.25 ng/mL. RSDs of intra-batch and inter-batch were all lower than 10％，and relative errors （RE）were －14.61％-12.69％. Extraction method and matrix effect did not affect the quantitative determination of PPD. In ginsenoside CK 100 mg group ，ginsenoside CK 200 mg group and ginsenoside CK 300 mg group ，mean cmax of patients with rheumatoid arthritis after oral administration of corresponding drugs were 18.06，30.03，27.00 ng/mL；median tmax were 12.0，6.0，12.0 h；mean AUC 0-t were 622.52，668.15， 1 155.97 ng·h/mL. CONCLUTIONS ：The method for the determination of PPD concentration in human plasma is successfully established. The method is sensitive ，accurate， kq1907011） stable，easy to operate and less plasma consumption. It can be used for the quantitative determination of clinical samples.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the application conditions of 22 S rule (one of the Westgard rules) in single concentration quali‐ty control .Methods The application scope of 22 S rule was used into the same batch detection of single‐concentration quality control materials .Results The 22 S rule improved the detection rate of system errors .Conclusion 22S rule should be applied to two detec‐tions within a batch when using one quality control material ,as to improve the detection of system error more efficiency .
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the similarities and differences in endoscopic and pathological characteristics between elderly and non-elderly patients with Barrett esophagus (BE). Methods Three hundred and seventy-one cases with BE were divided into elderly group (n=254) and nonelderly group (n=117). The detection rate, endoscopic findings and pathological changes were assessed. Results The detection rate of BE was 2.9% in the elderly, and 0. 9% in the non-elderly(χ2 =127.8, P＜0.01). The 112 cases (44.1%) of the elderly had reflux symptoms, and so did 87cases (66.7%) of the non-elderly (χ2 =55.9, P＜0.01). The detection rate of BE in the two groups was increased year by year from 2004 to 2008. The detection rate of ring pattern was significantly higher in elderly group than in non-elderly group (28.7% vs. 10.3%, χ2=14.5, P＜0.01). Nonelderly patients had higher rate of island pattern than elderly patients (59.5% vs. 71.7%, χ2=4.7,P＜0.05). There were significant differences in the rate of specialized intestinal metaplasia between elderly and non-elderly patients (42.1% vs. 27.4%, χ2=6.9, P＜0.01). The difference in low and medium grade intraepithelial neoplasm between the two groups had statistical significance (21.3% vs.11.1%, χ2=4.9, P＜0.05). There were two cases with adenocarcinoma in elderly group, but no case was found in non-elderly group. The detection rate of H. pylori was comparable between elderly group and non-elderly group (35.5% vs. 40.9%, χ2=0.40, P＞0.05). Conclusions The elderly patients have the 3.2 times higher detection rate of BE than non-elderly patients. The detection rates of specialized intestinal metaplasia and intraepithelial neoplasm are higher in elderly group than in nonelderly group.