ABSTRACT
Introduction: Drowning refers to death within 24 hours of asubmersion incident. According to the WHO, it is the processof experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid. Determining the cause of death in bodiesfound in water is quite challenging which can be achievedwith thorough investigation and complete autopsy after whichonly the pathologist certifies a death based on drowning. Theexperts in the field of Forensic Medicine are facing difficultiesin estimation of time, cause and mode of death. Hence, thepresent study aimed to analyse the various aspects of drowningdeaths whose Post Mortem were conducted in the mortuary ofOsmania General Hospital in the year 2004.Material and Methods: The present study was a retrospectivestudy which was conducted among 150 dead subjects. All thedead bodies recovered from different sources of submersionirrespective of age or sex and either with fresh or decomposedbodies were included in this study. Detailed history related toplace of the incident, type of water body, position of the bodyand other relevant findings were obtained from the previousrecords.Results: The majority of the subjects with drowning were82.6% of the males followed by 17.3% of the females. Theplace of drowning was found to be in ponds (41.3%) and ditch(29.3%) followed by rivers (17.3%) and lakes (8%). The timeof drowning was seen in majority of the subjects i.e. 60% ofsubjects died 09:00-13:00 and 25.3% subjects during 13:01-18:00 followed by 8% at 0:0-8:59 and 6.6% at 18:01-23:59Conclusion: The magnitude of drowning is higher amongmales in and around the jurisdiction of Osmania. It has beenproved that drowning has become an undervalued problemwith inclusion of child population. Hence, there is a necessityfor prevention among all the ages by the government so thatoverall burden caused by drowning can be reduced.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl-peptidase inhibitor(DPP-4 inhibitor) Like other DPP-4 inhibitors its actionis mediated by increasing levels of the incretin hormonesglucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitorypolypeptide (GIP). Sitagliptin is effective in lowering HbA1cand fasting as well as postprandial glucose in monotherapyand in combination with other oral antidiabetic agents. Thestudy was aimed to evaluate the effect of sitagliptin on fastingand postprandial blood sugar, fasting plasma insulin levelsand HbA1C in patients with type-2 Diabetes Mellitus at 0level and after 16 weeks of treatment with sitagliptin.Material and Methods: A prospective study comprising 70diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus was carried out.These patients were put on sitagliptin 100 mg OD for 16weeks and venous blood samples were taken at 0 level andafter 16 weeks.Results The decrease in mean fasting plasma glucose levelsat 0 week and 16 weeks was 40.18mg/dl (17.71%) therapy.The change in mean post prandial glucose level was 56.18mg/dl (19.97%). On Statistical analysis, the reduction in meanfasting plasma glucose levels and post prandial blood sugar intotal number of patients was highly significant (p<0.001). Thechange in mean glycosylated hemoglobin level was 0.88%(9.75%)and p value was also highly significant p<0.001.The change in mean plasma insulin level was 2.50μIU/ml(10.69%). The decrease in values in study group at 4 monthswas statistically highly significant.Conclusions: The study concludes that Sitagliptin representsa substantial advance in antidiabetic therapy and it helps inimproving the diabetic profile of type 2 diabetes patients.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Blunt injury in the abdomen is seen morecommonly because of rapid industrialization and increasednumber of vehicles ultimately leading to more numberof accidents. It can occur as a result of fall from height,assault with blunt objects, sports injuries, and bomb blasts.In majority of the cases, blunt injury was the cause of death.In criminal violence, blunt injuries lead to death and more offorensic importance. The aim of the present study was to makea pattern of blunt abdominal injuries, which were fatal andresulted in death.Material and methods: A total of 160 cases of deaths fromblunt abdominal trauma from 1st July 2011 to 30th June 2013were included in the study. Demographic details about age,gender, occupation brief facts of the cases collected from theinquest report were entered. Patterns of death and types ofinjuries were studied and the data was collected through a predesigned format.Results: The most common age group affected with bluntabdominal injuries was 20-40 years followed by above 40years and below 20 years. The main cause of injury was foundto be due to road accidents. The most common organ involvedin blunt injury of abdomen was liver followed by intestineand spleen. The mechanism of death was found to be due tohemorrhage.Conclusion: Injury to abdomen is considered to be the mostcommon reason for morbidity and mortality among thegeneral population.