ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess Quality of life (QoL) and its associated factors in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) who taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Wangaya Hospital in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during February 2019 to January 2020 at Wangaya Hospital in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. QoL was assessed using the five-level version of the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), EQ-5D index value, and the EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS). The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software package version 26.0. Bivariate analysis was tested using the cross-tabulation Gamma, Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Mann-Whitney test. P value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: A total of 584 PLWHA took HAART for at least 3 mo. The median index value and EQ-VAS were 1.0 (range-0.514–1.0) and 100.00 (range 30-100), respectively. Most patients had problems in ‘anxiety/depression’ and ‘pain/discomfort’ domains. Predictors of better QoL included men, married, good adherence, and treatment duration>24 mo (p<0.05). Predictor of poorer QoL included an advanced HIV clinical stage(p=0.001). Conclusion: The QoL scores of PLWHA receiving HAART in our study were high; hence the QoL of PLWHA was good. The good QoL can be taken as the goal for HIV treatment in order to have a successful HAART therapy.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To estimate the Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) prevalence among the participants/People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) and to verify the association between WHO clinical staging and other risk factors with PTB. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the PTB prevalence. Probable associated risk factors in PLWHAs with and without PTB were compared. The association between WHO clinical staging and other risk factors with PTB was investigated using bivariate analysis. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: This study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2019, recruited about 584 participants with presumptive PTB and 20.72% (121) confirmed with PTB. In the bivariate analysis; participants who are on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Stage 4 (WHO clinical staging) were significantly more likely to develop PTB (p=0.000). PTB was significantly higher among male than female (p=0.000), higher among the older (p=0.030). PTB was significantly more frequent among participants with lower cluster differentiation 4 (CD4) cell counts (p=0.042). A contact history with a Tuberculosis (TB) patient was an important risk factor (p=0.000). PTB was significantly associated with smoking history (p=0.000). Conclusion: A high PTB prevalence was observed. There was a significantly association between the severity of WHO clinical staging, sex, age, lower CD4 cell count, a contact history with a tuberculosis (TB) patient and smoking history with PTB among PLWHAs.