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@#Objective: Contact tracing has been used in China and several other countries in the WHO Western Pacific Region as part of the COVID-19 response. We describe COVID-19 cases and the number of contacts traced and quarantined per case as part of COVID-19 emergency public health response activities in China. Methods: We abstracted publicly available, online aggregated data published in daily COVID-19 situational reports by China’s National Health Commission and provincial health commissions between 20 January and 29 February 2020. The number of new contacts traced by report date was computed as the difference between total contacts traced in consecutive reports. A proxy for the number of contacts traced per case was computed as the number of new contacts traced divided by the number of new cases. Results: During the study period, China reported 80 968 new COVID-19 cases and 659 899 contacts. In Hubei Province, there were 67 608 cases and 264 878 contacts, representing 83% and 40% of the total, respectively. Non-Hubei provinces reported tracing 1.5 times more contacts than Hubei Province; the weekly number of contacts traced per case was also higher in non-Hubei provinces than in Hubei Province and increased from 17.2 in epidemiological week 4 to 115.7 in epidemiological week 9. Discussion: More contacts per case were reported from areas and periods with lower COVID-19 case counts. With other non-pharmaceutical interventions used in China, contact tracing and quarantining large numbers of potentially infected contacts probably contributed to reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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Background@#The World Health Organization recommends that children aged ≥6 months be vaccinated against influenza. Influenza vaccination policies depend on the evidence of the burden of influenza, yet few national data on influenza-associated severe outcomes among children exist in China.@*Methods@#We conducted a systematic review of articles published from 1996 to 2012 on laboratory-confirmed, influenza-associated paediatric respiratory hospitalizations in China. We extracted data and stratified the percentage of samples testing positive for influenza by age group (<2, <5 and <18 years old); case definition; test methods; and geographic location. The pooled percentage of samples testing positive for influenza was estimated with a random effects regression model.@*Results@#Influenza was associated with 8.8% of respiratory hospitalizations among children aged <18 years, ranging from 7.0% (95% confidence interval: 4.2–9.8%) in children aged <2 years to 8.9% (95% confidence interval: 6.8–11%) in children aged <5 years. The percentage of samples testing positive for influenza was consistently higher among studies with data from children aged <5 years and <18 years than those restricted only to children aged <2 years; the percentages were higher in Northern China than Southern China.@*Discussion@#Influenza is an important cause of paediatric respiratory hospitalizations in China. Influenza vaccination of school-aged children could prevent substantial influenza-associated illness, including hospitalizations, in China.
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@#Avian, swine and other zoonotic influenza viruses may cause disease with significant impact in both human and animal populations. The Asia Pacific Strategy for Emerging Diseases (APSED), long recognizing the increased global impact of zoonotic diseases on human populations, has been used as the foundation for improving national preparedness and regional coordination for response to zoonotic diseases in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region.1 APSED encourages multisectoral coordination at the human–animal–environment interface as the primary action required for zoonotic disease control.2 In this article we emphasize the effectiveness of these multisectoral collaborations in responding to zoonotic diseases at the regional and country level, using avian influenza as an example.
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Quality of life(QOL) is a broad-ranging concept,incorporating in a complex way the person's physical health,psychological state,social relationships,and has been widely used as health outcomes.But in postnatal research or health care in China,the application of QOL was restricted due to the deficiency of assessment tool.Quality of life scale includes two categories: general scale(designed for general population) and specific scale(designed for specific population).General scale didn't cover the specific issues introduced by childbirth.Specific scale for postnatal women was lacking until Symon designed an open Mother-Generated Index(MGI).But the MGI had a high requirement for the understanding ability of audiences,and the completion was easily influenced by environment,both restricted the utilization in China.A specific,valid and reliable postnatal QOL scale is needed to develop in China.The aim of this overview is to describe the traits of the postnatal women's health,the meaning of the application of QOL in this period,and the situation analysis of the application in China.
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Objective:To describe women's behavioral patterns in the period of “doing the month”(confinement in childbirth)and to determine the degree of differences between “doing the month” practices and daily behaviors.Methods:A retrospective survey was conducted with a random sample of 1 813 women who were interviewed using a questionnaire undertaken in May of 2004.Results:The results showed that the majority of women adhered to the traditional customs.While “doing the month”,more than 90% of women did not eat cold,hard,or sour food;more than 90% of the women did not wash their hair or body at all,and more than 70% of women did not brush their teeth or wash their!feet.As compared to what women normally do,most women drastically changed their practices in eating,sanitation,dress,activity,doing chores,and so on,during their “doing the month”.Further analysis indicated that women's age had no effect on the change of practice patterns and that women's education had an inconsequential effect.Conclusion:The traditional “doing the month” practices are still very popular in the rural areas of China.Birth belief,illness concept and traditional village culture are the main factors for the pattern of “doing the month”.
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Objective:To select items to compose the final scale from 101-item pool for assessment of postnatal quality of life which was developed by the authors before. Methods: Ten experts in maternal and child health scored the importance of every item. A total of 200 women at 0-12 months after childbirth who took their babies for vaccination or clinic services were investigated by the item pool, and 10% of them were retested in one month. Based on these data, items in the item pool were screened by following principles respectively: score of item importance, factor loading, variation coefficient, Cronbach Alpha, correlation coefficient of item with domains (2 types) and test-retest correlation coefficient. Then we summarized the screening results of these methods, and retained the items which could be selected in at least five methods. Results: The numbers of items deleted in these seven screening methods respectively were: 39 items in experts scoring method; 43 items in factor analysis method; 49 items in variation analysis method; 50 items in Cronbach Alpha method; 26 items in correlation coefficient method 1; 9 items in correlation coefficient method 2; and 11 items in test-retest method. After summarizing these screening results, 60 items were selected. In order to simplify the scale,only kept 2 items in each aspect which had more frequency retained. Finally, 40 items remained in the postnatal quality of life scale. Conclusion: This is the first Chinese scale for evaluating postnatal quality of life of women. It needs to establish the validity and reliability in the future.