ABSTRACT
The diagnosis of vesiculo-bullous lesions and many other diseases is fundamentally based on the microscopic study of cells and tissues. This diagnostic method remains the standard, by which all other diagnostic tests are measured. Nevertheless, the era of the pathologist relying entirely on the examination of tissue sections stained by histochemical methods is gradually being replaced by a time Sridhar Reddy Erugula, P. Sujatha, Jesudass Govada, B. Suresh Reddy, B. Kavitha Reddy, Oruganti Venkata Ramanand, Pothuraju Haritha, Kandukuri Mahesh Kumar. Histopathological features and immunoflorescence patterns in skin lesions. IAIM, 2016; 3(11): 171-183. Page 172 when advanced immunologic and molecular techniques (i.e. analysis of DNA, RNA or protein structure and function) augment the process by which complicated diseases are classified.
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Introduction: A lot of researches have been done to support the role of vasopressors in elective Cesarean section to prevent hypotension in patient under spinal anesthesia resulting in better hemodynamic control in mother and fetus. This study was conducted to compare the effect of low dose ephedrine (60 mg) and phenylephrine (2 mg) on hemodynamic stability and fetal acid base profile in patient posted for elective caesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Materials and methods: Ninety three patients were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into three groups. Group C received ephedrine infusion; group B received phenylephrine infusion while group A were preloaded with crystalloid. Maternal vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial oxygen saturation) and fetal APGAR score and acid-base status were recorded. Results: Hypotension was significantly recorded in crystalloid group as compared to phenylephrine and ephedrine group. Apgar scores in newborns were above 8 in all three groups. Umbilical cord blood pH was higher in phenylephrine and ephedrine groups in comparison to crystalloid group. Conclusion: Prophylactic low dose phenylephrine and ephedrine infusion were more effective than crystalloid preloading in prevention of hypotension and fetal acidosis during spinal anesthesia for elective Cesarean section.
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Background: Assessment of nuclear morphology is crucial for the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) constitute a heterogenous group of lymphoid neoplasms that vary in clinical behavior, histology, immunology and genetic profile. The diversity makes it difficult to diagnose accurately and reproducibly under light microscopy. The nuclear features play a major role in categorizing non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted for a period of two years in the Department of Oral Pathology, MNR dental College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Telangana, India. We encountered only three cases of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas and so we have borrowed the some Sridhar Reddy Erugula, P. Sujatha, Ayesha Sameera, B. Suresh Reddy, Jesudass Govada, G. Sudhakar, Kandukuri Mahesh Kumar. Nuclear morphometric study of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL). IAIM, 2016; 3(5): 58-63. Page 59 specimens of NHL from other hospitals in Hyderabad, India. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E) stained histological sections were selected and assessed for nuclear area, perimeter and nuclear size of 40 nuclei of tumour cells were measured using the Windows® based image analysis software Results: Total number of cases in our study was 15. The mean nuclear area, perimeter and nuclear size of neoplastic cells were studied. In our study, the mean nuclear area, perimeter and nuclear size of neoplastic cells were significantly high in large cell lymphomas as compared to intermediate cells and small cell lymphoma. P value was significant. Conclusion: Our study supports the assumption that nuclear morphometry offers a more objective and reproducible diagnostic method for subcategorizing lymphoid tumors than is currently possible by conventional histopathological techniques.
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The aim of the study is to determine the knowledge of under graduate medical students about Hepatitis B.The study will add up to the existing literature in context to Hepatitis B.
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Background: Obesity and overweight are widespread phenomena. Dyslipidaemia observed in obese people is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease. Levels of obesity have been shown to be associated with low-grade inflammation and C-reactive protein, an inflammatory marker has been associated with the presence and severity of atherosclerosis. Aims & Objective: To evaluate the Hs-CRP levels in overweight individuals with dyslipidaemia and without dyslipidaemia, and thus assess its role in detecting cardiovascular disease (CVD) in overweight individuals. Material and Methods: 120 overweight subjects were included in the study, they were divided into 2 groups- Group I which included subjects with dyslipidaemia and Group II included normolipemic subjects. BMI, Hs-CRP, Total Cholesterol, HDL-C, Triacylglycerol, LDL-C, VLDL-C, T-C/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, Glucose were estimated in both the groups and the data was statistically analyzed. Results: BMI, Hs-CRP, Total Cholesterol, Triacylglycerol, LDL-C, VLDL-C, T-C/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, Glucose were significantly higher in Group I compared to group II (p<0.05), whereas HDL-C was significantly lower in group I than group II (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hs-CRP is elevated in overweight individuals with dyslipidaemia, thus it is recommended to detect risk of CVD in them.
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The study was designed to evaluate the clinical agreement between intermittent bolus thermodilution technique and pulse contour analysis technique. Sixty patients with normal left ventricular function undergoing elective off-pump coronary bypass surgery were included in this prospective study. In addition to routine monitoring, a 7.5F pulmonary artery thermodilution catheter via right internal jugular vein and a 4F arterial thermodilution catheter into femoral artery were also placed. Cardiac output measurements were compared before induction, after induction, after sternotomy, during the various anastomoses, post-protamine and post-sternal closure. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of agreement to assure bias distribution of differences between the two methods by using Bland and Altman analysis. The cardiac output values obtained at preinduction, post-induction, and post-sternal closure time points showed good agreement, whereas the values obtained during the various anastomoses showed significant differences (p <0.05). Therefore it was concluded that pulse contour analysis cannot be relied upon completely whenever there is a change in the position of heart or alteration in systemic vascular resistance. But the trends in cardiac output were in complete agreement during the entire procedure.