A case of ruptured tuboovarian abscess into the anterior abdominal wall / 대한산부인과학회지

Rupture of a tuboovarian abscess usually presents with sudden worsening of the patient's condition. Delays in surgical debridement and drainage increase the rate of associated mortality. A 39-year-old woman represents extraperitoneal spillage of abscess contents from rupture of a tuboovarian abscess into the anterior abdominal wall. She presented with gradually worsening abdominal pain over several months. She had fever, pelvic tenderness, an elevated white blood cell count and evidence of a tuboovarian abscess. Also she was found to have an abscess that had ruptured into the anterior left abdominal wall. After triple antibiotic therapy without a clinical improvement, she underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and surgical debridement of the abdominal wall. Over the following several weeks, the patient required extensive wound care for wound drainage and skin flap.

Clinical study in children with cerebral palsy associated with or without epilepsy / 소아과

PURPOSE: To study the spectrum of epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: A total of 93 consecutive patients with cerebral palsy(CP) were retrospectively suited. Criteria for inclusion were a follow-up period of at least 2 years. The study examined the correlation between the incidence of epilepsy and seizure types in the different forms of CP. Other factors associated with epilepsy, such as age of first seizure, occurrence of abnormalities on brain imaging, and electroencephalogram were also analyzed. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of epilepsy in children with CP was 46.2 percent. The incidence of epilepsy was predominant in patients with mixed, diplegic, and quadriplegic palsies:55.5 percent, 51.6 percent, and 50.0 percent in frequency. The first seizure occurred during the first year of life in 48.8 percent of patients with epilepsy. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were the most common seizure type(44.2 percent), predominant in diplegic patients(64.3 percent). On the other hand, infantile spasms and myoclonic seizures were the main cause of seizures among quadriplegic children(60 percent and 40 percent, respectively). The occurrence of epilepsy was more popular in the group with abnormal brain imagings; especially encephalomalacia and cortical atrophy. All children with epilepsy in this study showed abnormal electroencephalogram(EEG) findings: Generalized abnormalities were observed in 55.8 percent of children with epilepsy; more dominantly in quadriplegic children(80.0 percent); and 40 percent of children with diplegia showed focal abnormalities. CONCLUSION: Cerebral palsy is associated with a higher incidence of seizure disorders, which, in the majority, has its onset in the first year of life; brain imaging and EEG are most effective in spotting epilepsy in children with CP.

Histopathologic Diagnosis and Outcome of Renal Biopsied Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome

PURPOSE: To determine the histological findings and treatment outcome in cases of childhood nephrotic syndrome which required renal biopsy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, laboratory, pathologic findings and therapeutic outcomes of 169 nephrotic children who received a renal biopsy at the Department of Pediatrics, Kyunghee Medical University Hospital, Seoul from 1984 to 2004 over a period of 21 years. The renal biopsy was performed in nephrotic children who showed atypical features at presentation, or needed cytotoxic therapy because of frequent-relapsing, steroid-dependent, or steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome(SRNS). RESULTS: Minimal change disease(MCD) was found in 52.1% of the patients, followed by diffuse mesangial proliferation(33.1%), focal segmental gomerulosclerosis(5.3%), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(2.4%), membranous nephropathy(2.4%), and IgA nephropathy(1.8 %). In MCD children, 14.8% had hematuria, 22.7% had hypertension, 5.7% showed decreased renal function, and no patient was found to have an abnormal complement level. Among patients diagnosed with diseases other than MCD, 43.2% had hematuria, 21.0% was found to be hypertensive, 7.4% of children showed decreased renal function and only 3(3.7%) had decreased complement level; the rates of hematuria and SRNS were found to be significantly higher than MCD patients. Among 37 SRNS patients, 30(81.0%) showed a final remission state with long-term steroid therapy, including methylprednisolone pulse therapy, over 4 months, with or without cytotoxic therapy. CONCLUSION: Almost half of the cases of childhood nephrotic syndrome requiring renal biopsy were not diagnosed with MCD. Among atypical features, hematuria and steroid-resistance would be the most probable indicators for a diagnosis other than MCD. Even in patients with SRNS, long-term methylprednisolone pulse therapy may result in a good remission rate.

A Case of Acute Postobstructive Pulmonary Edema due to Parapharyngeal Abscess in a Child / 소아알레르기및호흡기학회지

Postobstructive pulmonary edema (POPE) is associated with upper airway obstruction and has two different types of mechanism. Type 1 POPE is due to acute airway obstruction and is related to forceful respiratory efforts leading to extremely negative intrathoracic pressure. Type 2 POPE is caused by chronic airway obstruction and occurs after sudden relief of obstruction which drop in airway pressure that can lead to pulmonary edema. We report a case of postobstructive pulmonary edema in a child who has peripharyngeal abscess.