A Statistical Study on Urolithiasis II / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A statistical analysis was made on 468 cases of urolithiasis during the period April 1951 to September 1962, and the following data were obtained: 1. The incidence of the patients with the stones was 2.25 percent of total urological outpatients and 25.4 percent of the ward patients. 2. Incidences of urinary calculi are increasing year by year; 3.6 per cent in 1954, 12.8 per cent in 1958, and 20.7 per cent in 1962. 3. The incidence of stones in the upper urinary tract seemed to increase significantly while that of the lower tract did not. The ratio of upper urinary tract calculi over ones in the lower tract (24 : 76 in 1954), reversed with greatly increasing incidence of upper urinary tract calculi (69: 31 in 1962). 4. These stones consisted of renal stone in 14.5 per cent, ureteral stone in 45.6 per cent, bladder stone in 25.6 per cent and urethral stone in 13 per cent. 5. The stones were most commonly found between the ages of 20 to 50. The upper urinary tract calculi were more frequently seen in young adults but in aged and children lower urinary tract calculi were common. 6. The stones were found to occur predominantly in males than in females and the ratio was 5.4 : 1. 7. The upper urinary tract calculi occurred both in the left and right sides with approximately equal frequency. It was estimated that bilateral urinary calculi occurred in 6 per cent of the cases. 8. Multilocations of the stones in the urinary tracts occurred in 7 per cent of the total stones. 9. Seventy-three per cent of the ureteral stones were lodged in the lower ureter. 10. The results of qualitative chemical examination of stones were calcium oxalate in 30.7 per cent, calcium phosphate in 28.5 per cent, apatite in 19.3 per cent, uric acid and calcium phosphate in 9.1 per cent, uric acid and calcium oxalate in 6.8 per cent, uric acid in 3.4 per cent, and carbonate in 2.2 per cent. 11. Three hundred and nine of 468 cases were treated in the clinic. Spontaneous passage occurred in 10.4 per cent, 41.6 per cent were expelled following instrumental manipulation and 18.6 per cent were subjected to surgical intervention.

Cystometry in Normal Korean Males: Preliminary Report / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Cystometry was performed on 34 adult, healthy Korean males and the results were compared with those by various investigators. Retrograde intermittent, cystometry, retrograde continuous cystometry and excretory cystometry were used for this purpose. The instrument used was a simple water cystometer which has been used in our clinic. Effects of concentration and temperature of the fluids on the pressure of the bladder were also studied. Sterile water, normal saline, 5% saline, 10% saline and 20% saline in room temperature were administered for "the concentration study" and sterile water in 37C(degree), 38C, 39C, 40C, 41C, 45C, 35C, 30C, 25C, 23C, 22C, 21C, 20C and 10C were used respectively for "the temperature study". The results of both retrograde intermittent cystometry and retrograde continuous cystometry agreed well and there was no significant difference. In this study the first voiding desire starts at approximately 200-400 cc of fluid and the maximum voiding desire at approximately 350-450 cc of fluid The average pressure of the bladder ranges between 4.0-12.0 cm H20, the pressure at the first voiding desire is approximately 9.7 cm H2O and the pressure at maximum voluntary pressure over 32-130 cm H2O. No significant change in the pressure occurred due to changes in concentrations of the fluid but the maximum bladder capacity decreased as higher and lower concentrations of the fluid were administered. Also, higher and lower temperatures of the fluid did not cause significant changes in the pressure but the maximum bladder capacity decreased slightly.