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We case of acute bilateral central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) after receiving the first dose of Covishield vaccine in a young, otherwise healthy male with no associated risk factors.
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Background: Hypothyroidism is a commonly occurring clinicalcondition with variable prevalence. It has profound effects oncardiovascular function that can impact cardiac contractility,vascular resistance, blood pressure, and heart rhythm. Thepresent study was conducted to analyse the cardiovascularchanges in hypothyroidism patients.Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in230 hypothyroidism patients of age group between 30 and 60years of age over the period of 6 months. The followinginvestigations were done to diagnose hypothyroidism and withassociated cardiac profile: complete blood count, FBS,2hrPGBS, serum FT3, FT4, TSH, ECG, 2D Echocardiogram.Statistical analysis of the data was done using SPSS version21.Results: In the present study total sample size was 230 inwhich maximum were females (63.03%). Maximum patientssuffering from hypothyroidism belongs to age group of 30-40years. Cardiovascular symptoms like chest pain, effortintolerance was prevalent in males whereas breathlessnessand chest pain was prevalent in females. Both systolic anddiastolic hypertension was prevalent in females. ECG showslow voltage complexes in 38 females and 24 males. Echofinding of diastolic function was present in maximum patientsi.e 36 patients.Conclusion: Present study concluded that cardiovascularsymptoms like chest pain, effort intolerance was prevalent inmales whereas breathlessness and chest pain was prevalent infemales. Both systolic and diastolic hypertension was prevalentin females. ECG shows low voltage complexes in more numberof females than males. Echo finding of diastolic function waspresent in maximum patients.
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Background: Tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies continue topresent challenges to otolaryngologists. The major issuesinvolve the accurate diagnosis and speedy, safe retrieval of theforeign body. Accidental foreign-body aspiration in therespiratory tract can lead to considerable morbidity andmortality in both adults and children. Hence; under the light ofabove mentioned data, the present study was undertaken forassessing the prevalence of Tracheo- bronchial foreign bodycases.Materials & Methods: Data of a total of 250 patients wasanalysed during the study period. The overall prevalence oftracheobronchial foreign body cases was assessed. Completedemographic details of all the cases were obtained from thedata record files. Patient data, clinical history, radiographic andbronchoscopic findings were also obtained from their recordfiles for defining the epidemiology of the patients. Record ofPreoperative Chest X-ray was also obtained. All the resultswere recorded in Microsoft excel sheet and were analysed bySPSS software.Results: The prevalence of tracheobronchial foreign bodycases was 11.2 percent (28 cases). Needles were found in39.29 percent of the cases, while peanuts were found in28.57 percent of the cases. Plastic objects were found in 21.43percent of the cases. Right bronchial tree was involved in 39.3percent of the cases, while foreign body was found in leftbronchial tree in 28.57 percent of the cases. Tranche wasfound in 21.43 percent of the cases.Conclusion: Because of associated high mortality with foreignbody aspiration, it is required to rapidly recognize from thepatient's history and start the prompt by bronchoscopy andextraction of the aspirated foreign body.
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Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link has become popular as a medicinal mushroom. Here, we explored the mushroom C. militaris for possible bioactive molecules by studying its biological activities. Antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts was tested using DPPH. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts were estimated using broth microdilution method. Observed IC50 value was 0.72 mg/mL compared with standard L-ascorbic acid (IC50= 0.062 mg/mL).The MIC’s of the extracts ranged from 1.25 to 10 mg/mL against S. aureus and 0.625 to 5 mg/mL against E. coli. Additionally, cytotoxicity was also investigated towards cancer cell line HEp-2 using MTT. C. militaris extracts reduced HEp-2 cells viability with IC50 value 20 µg/mL. Bioactive components (phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, and lycopene) were estimated spectrophotometrically. Present study revealed that C. militaris has significant antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer effects which may be the scientific basis of its medicinal use by herbal practitioners.
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Introduction: Dexmedetomidine provides stable perioperative hemodynamic profile with decreased requirement of opioids. It has neuroprotective effect and may be suitable anesthetic adjuvant when compared to fentanyl. The main aim of our study was to compare dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in relation to blunting of sympathetic response to intubation and induction while secondary variables were to study their effect on perioperative hemodynamic changes, operative conditions, recovery profile and side effects
Methodology: In this double blind randomized control trial 50 patients of ASA I and II grade scheduled for elective neurosurgery were selected over a period of 1 year, after obtaining written informed consent. Patients were randomly divided into two groups; in Group-D patient received 1 micro g/kg of dexmedetomidine as loading dose within 10 min before induction and 2 micro g/kg of fentanyl at induction and 0.04-0.05 micro g/kg/min of dexmedetomidine as maintenance during surgery. In Group-F patient received induction with 3 micro g/kg of fentanyl and maintained with 0.02-0.03 micro g/kg/min of fentanyl. Hemodynamic changes, cerebral relaxation store, recovery time and intraoperative and postoperative side effects were noted
Results: Baseline heart rate and BP was similar in both the groups. In Group-D and F, Heart rate and BP were increased from baseline during intubation, skull clamping and extubation but were within physiological limits. The rise in heart rate and BP was comparatively lower in Group-D as compared to Group-F. all the values were statistically significant [p < 0.05] Cerebral relaxation score was lower in Group-D as compared to Group-F, along with faster recovery. During postoperative period there was no shivering nausea and vomiting in Group-D but in Group-F, 1 patient experienced shivering while 2 patients complained of nausea and vomiting
Conclusion: In our study we found that dexmedetomidine provided better hemodynamic profile as compared to fentanyl with better cerebral relaxation score and recovery time. Hence we conclude that dimetindene is safer and effective alternate to fentanyl as an anesthetic adjuvant in neurosurgery
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Background: Galectin-3 protein, an S-type lectin, is encoded by LGALS3 gene. It consists of carbohydrate recognition domain [CRD], collagen like tandem repeats of nine amino acids and N-terminal 12-mer peptide. Its serum levels as well as some genetic variants were reported to be involved in various disease conditions like cancer, autoimmune diseases, heart diseases etc. Being viewed as an important molecule in biological responses and its association with various diseases, the present study was designed. This is the first in silico analyses of LGALS3
Aim: To systematically explore the plausible effects of LGALS3 genetic variants on structure and functions of galectin-3
Material and methods: Both sequence based and structure based approaches were adopted for analyses of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms [nsSNPs]. Putative methylation and other post translational modifications were also analyzed using different tools. Muster and Swiss-PDB Viewer were used for modeling of predicted functional variants
Results: Out of 1130 SNPs reported in dbSNP, only validated SNPs were chosen for analyses. A total of nine nsSNPs which included, 3 of N-terminal region and 6 of CRD encoding region, were found to have deleterious effect as predicted by various softwares. Analyses of regulatory SNPs predicted five functional SNPs in 3?UTR having putative miRNA binding sites and 3 intronic SNPs in potential transcription factor binding sites
Conclusion: Based on these analyses, the present study suggested that the reported functional SNPs may act as potential targets in genetic association studies
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The present study reports the purification of a lectin from Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott corms and evaluation of its anti-insect potential towards Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquilett). The lectin was found to be specific towards N-acetyl-D-lactosamine (LacNac), a disaccharide and asialofetuin, a desialylated serum glycoprotein in hemagglutination inhibition assay. Asialofetuin was used as a ligand to purify Colocasia esculenta agglutinin (CEA) by affinity chromatography. The purity of CEA was ascertained by the presence of a single band in reducing SDS-PAGE at pH 8.3. The affinity purified CEA was employed in artificial diet bioassay of second instar larvae (64-72 hr old) of the B. cucurbitae at concentrations ranging between 10-160 µg ml-1. The lectin significantly (p<0.01) decreased the percent pupation and emergence with respect to control. Effect on various enzymes was studied by employing LC50 (51.6 µg ml-1) CEA in the artificial diet bioassay of second instar larvae. All the enzymes tested namely esterases, phosphatases (acid and alkaline), superoxide dismutases, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase showed a significant (p<0.01, p<0.05) increase in their enzyme and specific activities. These results showed that CEA affected normal growth and development and presented stress to the larvae, activating their detoxification and anti-oxidant systems. Thus, the lectin seems to be a useful candidate for the control measures of B. cucurbitae under the integrated pest management (IPM) system.
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Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate and ascertain the protective role of methanolic/ethanolic/water extracts of Convolvulus pluricaulis against H2O2 induced cytotoxicity in IMR32 Neuroblastoma cell line as model system and identify the factor responsible for the protective effect. Study Design: Experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar & Department of Biotechnology, DAV College, Amritsar, PuCPab, between August 2010 and March 2012. Methodology: Firstly, cytotoxic dose of H2O2 and non-toxic dose of methanolic, ethanolic and water extracts of C. pluricaulis (CP-MEx, CP-EEx and CP-WEx respectively) was determined by MTT assay. Protective effect of CP-MEx, CP-EEx and CP-WEx was determined using quercetin as a positive control. The expression of IMR32 cytoskeletal marker, Neurofilament (NF-200) and stress markers, Heat shock protein (HSP70) and (glucose regulated protein 75, Grp75) Mortalin studied by immunofluorescence and RTPCR results. The level of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, direct scavenger of free radicals, Glutathione and lipid peroxidation were analysed by their standard procedures. Results: The results showed that quercetin, CP-MEx, CP-EEx and CP-WEx displayed cytoprotective activity in IMR32 cells. Out of tested extracts CP-MEx significantly decreased hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. Significant decrease in NF-200, HSP70 and Mortalin expression was observed in CP-MEx+H2O2 treated cultures as compared to H2O2 treated. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione levels significantly increased in Quercetin and CP-MEx treated cultures. Lipid peroxidation was significantly decreased in both Quercetin and CP-MEx treated cultures. Conclusions: The present work establishes the protective effect of CP-MEx on IMR 32 Human Neuroblastoma cell line which is as much as by quercetin. The cytoprotective effect of CP-MEx was due to induction of antioxidant machinery of the cell hence holds therapeutic value in the treatment and/or prevention of neurodegenerative disorders of oxidative stress.
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Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), also known as melon fruit fly, is one of the major insect pests of cucurbits in several parts of Asia, Africa and Pacific. In the present investigation, effect of lectins from two sources i.e. Arisaema intermedium Blume and Arisaema wallichianum Hook f. (Family-Araceae) has been studied on the development of second instar larvae of melon fruit fly. The lectins were incorporated separately in artificial diet at a concentration of 10 to 160 µg ml-1 and fed adlibitum to the second instar larvae. Both the lectins were found to prolong the development period and significantly inhibited the pupation and emergence in a dose dependent manner. Total development period was found to be prolonged by 3.5 and 2.3 days in case of larvae fed on artificial diet containing A. intermedium (AIL) and A. wallichianum (AWL), respectively. LC50 values calculated on the basis of adult emergence came out to be 32.8 and 29 µg ml-1 for AIL and AWL, respectively. Both the lectins tested, were found to increase the activity of esterases as larvae proceeded from 24 to 72 hr of treatment. The activity of acid phosphatase decreased significantly in larvae reared on diet containing LC50 of AIL, while in case of AWL significant decrease was observed only at 72 hr of treatment. Alkaline phosphatase activity decreased significantly on treatment with both of these lectins. These results showed that AIL and AWL have promising anti-insect potential. So, lectin gene/s from either of these species can be cloned and subsequently can be employed to develop transgenics to control melon fruit flies specifically and insect pests in general. This approach could be used as a part of Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies.
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This 9-page document, prepared for the Making the eHealth Connection: Global Partnerships, Local Solutions conference of 2008 in Bellagio, Italy, describes barriers in developing countries to access to quality health information. It discusses 8 main barriers to equitable access: connectivity, medical writing skills, language, copyright, information technology (IT) skills, economic support, national/regional resources, cultural issues, and government policies. Internet connectivity is generally limited to urban centres, lacking rural penetration. A barrier to free distribution of health-related information is the copyright barrier, as well as the high cost of journals, linguistic and/or cultural barriers, the limited availability of regional and national information resources, restrictive government policies, and lack of medical writing and IT skill training. However, there is a trend toward internet growth. Advances in internet-enabled mobile devices are opening possibilities of remote patient monitoring applications and patient information retrieval. In India, medical consultation in remote areas is increasing through mobile consultation. Medical education programmes for doctors and tele-referrals are being provided also. The National Library of Medicine's (NLM's) Medical Subject Headings (an online resource from the United States National Institutes of Health) are being made available in languages other than English, and NLM has also made consumer health information available in more than 40 languages. Though the cost of medical journals is reported here to be spiralling, there is a trend towards open access technology for journal publishing and free access to health literature. As stated here, "[a]n open journal system is being used by several publishers that enable online publishing of journals free of copyright restraints."