ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: It has been known that alveolar macrophage exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a lots of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression. The Authors elucidated the effects of iNOS mRNA expression by inhalational anesthetics (isoflurane) on endotoxemic rats and positive pressure ventilation with and without LPS. METHODS: Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats (250 - 270 g) were anesthesized with urethane injected in the peritoneal cavity. Then the expression of iNOS mRNA in the alveolar macrophages of the rats were measured after injection of LPS, 2 hours of isoflurane (0.5 - 2.5%) anesthesia, and 2 hours of positive pressure ventilation. The activities of iNOS in macrophages were measured by analysing iNOS mRNA expression by Northern blot analysis with autoradiography using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS: The size and patterns of the iNOS mRNA band in the 0.5 - 2% isoflurane group were almost same as with the control group. The size of the iNOS mRNA band in the 2.5% isoflurane group increased more than in the control group. In the continous positive-pressure ventilation with LPS group, the iNOS mRNA band was slightly increased compared to the normal lung and the continous positive-pressure ventilation without LPS group. CONCLUSIONS: Higher concentrations of isoflurane anesthesia may evoke the expression of iNOS mRNA in a septic model. Positive pressure ventilation in sepsis may induce iNOS mRNA production.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Anesthesia , Anesthetics , Autoradiography , Blotting, Northern , Isoflurane , Lung , Macrophages , Macrophages, Alveolar , Nitric Oxide , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II , Peritoneal Cavity , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , RNA, Messenger , Sepsis , UrethaneABSTRACT
Hypoxemia is a common and potentially serious postoperative complication. Hypoxic encephalopahty may occur in prolonged hypoxemia. This condition needs brain protection. There are many brain protective methods. The primary cental nervous system protective mechanism of the barbiturates is attributed to their ability to decrease the cerebral metabolic rate, thus improving the ratio of oxygen (O2) supply to O2 demand. The electroencephalogram-derived bispectral index system (BIS) is a promising new method to predict probability of recovery of consciousness. We experienced two cases of hypoxic brain damage in recovery room. The patients were treated with thiopental and monitored with BIS. The use of thiopental as brain protection during complete global ischemia after cardiac arrest was not effective.