ABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the serum prolactin level in hyperthyroid and normal control females. Hyperthyroidism is a mutual disease. Even though a direct relation has been demonstrated amid hypothyroidism and increased prolactin levels, this association has not been established for hyperthyroidism
Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study was carried out on cases and control groups. To select the cases, all women referred to the laboratories of Saudi National Hospital with a thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] level 0.5 mIU/L and met the inclusion criteria were entered in the study. A total of 62 women aged 16 to 49 years were enrolled. The case group included 24 hyperthyroid women, and the control group included 38 women with normal thyroid function matched by age
Results: The mean [SD] serum level of prolactin was 16.4 [0.96] ng/mL [95% confidence interval [CI], 15.39 ng/mL to 15.69 ng/mL] in the controls and 23.02 [1.47] ng/mL [95% CI, 22.7 ng/mL to 23.4 ng/mL] in the case subjects. Hyperprolactinemia was more common in the hyperthyroid group [16.4 [0.96] ng/mL versus 23.02 [1.47] ng/mL; P<.001]. The prolactin level decreased with age. Hyperthyroidism and estradiol increased the prolactin level. After adjusting for age and estradiol, hyperthyroidism increased the serum prolactin level [P<.001]
Conclusion: The outcomes of the present study showed that hyperprolactinemia is more frequent in hyperthyroid females. Serum prolactin level can be increased in hyperthyroidism
ABSTRACT
Background: Anemia is defined as a decrease in the hemoglobin concentration of blood, which accordingly decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells such that they are unable to meet the body's physiological requirements. Numerous reports have specified that anemia customarily occurs in patients with diabetes with renal insufficiency whereas limited studies have described the occurrence of anemia in people with diabetes prior to indication of renal impairment. Other studies have similarly recognized anemia as a risk factor for the need for renal replacement treatment in diabetes. Understanding the pathogenesis of anemia allied with diabetes can lead to the development of interventions to optimize results in these patients
Purpose: The purpose of this study was consequently to determine the pervasiveness of anemia among patients with type 2 diabetes
Materials and Methods: A total of 50 [25 with type 2 diabetes and 25 controls] participants were enlisted for the current study. Participants' blood samples were analyzed for fasting blood glucose, full blood count and renal function tests among others. The pervasiveness of anemia was then determined statistically
Results: A high incidence of anemia was perceived in the cases. Of the patients with diabetes, 85% had a hemoglobin concentration that was significantly less [males 10.88 +/- 1.78 and females 10.32 +/- 1.52] compared to that of controls [males 14.16 +/- 1.82 and females 12.49 +/- 1.11]. A significantly increased fasting blood glucose, urea, sodium, potassium, and calcium ions were observed in the cases [8.02 +/- 1.28, 5.21 +/- 2.01, 141.08 +/- 7.01, 4.84 +/- 0.49 and 1.51 +/- 0.28 respectively] as compared to the controls [4.57 +/- 0.52, 3.61 +/- 2.09, 134.86 +/- 6.75, 4.38 +/- 0.61 and 1.31 +/- 0.31 respectively]. Finally, a significant association between hemoglobin concentration and fasting blood glucose was also observed in the cases
Conclusions: The findings suggest that a high incidence of anemia is likely to occur in patients with poorly controlled diabetes and in patients with diabetes and renal insufficiency