Isolation and identification of anti-ulcer components from Anchusa strigosa root

Anti- ulcer activity of different root extracts of Anchusa strigosa was studied in ethanol-induced ulcer model in rats. Petroleum ether-soluble fraction was the most effective in reducing ulcer index and gave 91% protection. Chloroform-soluble fraction gave 86% protection while butanol-soluble fraction was less effective [65% protection]. On the other hand, water-soluble fraction was not effective in protecting the stomach from the ulcerative agent. Phytochemical analysis of petroleum ether fraction resulted in the isolation of four compounds. Identification of these compounds depended on melting point, U.V, I.R, H and C-13 NMR and MS analysis. These compounds were identified as: Oleanolic acid, Beta-amyrin, Crataegolic acid and Beta-sitosteryl glucoside. These triterpenes were isolated from A. strigosa roots for the first time. Alkaloids were detected in roots of Anchusa strigosa which may put the use of this plant in folk medicine in question

Iridoids and flavonoids from Phlomis brachyodon

The aerial part of Phlomis brachyodon [Boiss.] [Labiatae], which grows wild in Jordan was powered and extracted with ethanol. The residue after evaporation of the ethanolic extract was dissolved in water, filtered and the aqueous filtrate was extracted with ether and the ether extract discarded. Extraction of the aqueous filtrate subjected to column with butanol and the extract subjected to column chromatography to give five flavonoids [chrysoriol kemferol 4'-methyl ether, kemferol, astragalin and tiliroside] and four iridoids [ipolamiide, 8-epiloganin, auroside and phenstemoside], in addition to beta-sitosterol

Chemical constituents of Sternberg Claisen

The bulb part of Sternbergia clusiana ker Gawler [Amaryllidaceae], which grows wild in Jordan, was powdered defatted first with light petroleum, then extracted with ethanol. The ethanolic extract was dissolved in chloroform-water, the chloroform phase was subjected to further partitioning with aqueous methanol, then with hydrochloric acid to give insoluble material. This on fractionation on column chromatography yielded hippadine [I], methylhexadecanoate [II], octadecanoic acid [III], hexadecanic acid [IV] and n-[p-hydroxy-beta- phenylethyl]-p-hydroxy-trans-cinnamamide [V], in addition to beta- sitosterol and its glucoside. The aqueous phase was extracted with n- BuOH and the n-BuOh-soluble material was subjected to column chromatrography to give hemanthamine [VI], hemanthidine [VII], lycorine [VIII] and narciclasine [IX]

Inhibition of lens aldose reductase by protopine Alkaloids

The alkaloids protopine and allocryptopine have been isolated from Glaucium aleppicum. Boiss and have been tested for their ability to inhibit the enzyme aldose reductase, using crude lenses of male rats. Protopine was more active than allocryptopine, and both alkaloids showed weak activity compared with the standard flavonoid quercitrin