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1.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 54(1): 17-24, Jan.-Feb. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-614891

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In HIV-infected patients, colonization of the oral cavity by potential pathogenic yeast may lead to development of systemic fungemia. We evaluated the prevalence of yeast in the oral cavity of Brazilian HIV-positive patients and verified whether or not the species characterized were enzymatically active. Furthermore, the species identified were tested for their susceptibility to antifungal treatment. METHODS: Patient saliva and oropharyngeal candidiasis samples were collected from 60 seropositive HIV patients and identified by the API20C system. Enzymatic activity was evaluated by the production of proteinase and phospholipase. Susceptibility to antifungal treatments were determined using the broth microdilution method. RESULTS: the most commonly isolated species were C. albicans (51.56 percent) followed by non-albicans Candida species (43.73 percent), Trichosporon mucoides (3.12 percent) and Kodamaea ohmeri (1.56 percent). Oral colonization by association of different species was observed in 42 percent of the patients. Enzymatic activity was verified in most of species isolated, except for C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae and C. guilliermondii. Resistance to Fluconazole and Amphotericin B was observed in isolates of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, and K. ohmeri. CONCLUSION: HIV-positive patients are orally colonized by single or multiple species of yeast that are occasionally resistant to Fluconazole or Amphotericin B.


INTRODUÇÃO: Em pacientes infectados pelo HIV, a colonização da cavidade bucal por leveduras patogênicas pode levar ao desenvolvimento de fungemias. No presente estudo, avaliamos a prevalência de leveduras na cavidade bucal de pacientes HIV-positivos e verificamos se as espécies isoladas foram enzimaticamente ativas. Além disso, as espécies identificadas foram testadas quanto à suscetibilidade a antifúngicos. MÉTODOS: Amostras de saliva e de candidose orofaríngea foram coletadas de 60 pacientes soropositivos para HIV e identificados pelo sistema API20C. A atividade enzimática foi avaliada pela produção de proteinase e fosfolipase. A suscetibilidade a antifúngicos foi determinada utilizando o método de microdiluição em caldo. RESULTADOS: As espécies mais comumente isoladas foram C. albicans (51,56 por cento), seguido por espécies de Candida não-albicans (43,73 por cento), Trichosporon mucoides (3,12 por cento) e Kodamaea ohmeri (1,56 por cento). A colonização bucal por associação de diferentes espécies foi observada em 42 por cento dos pacientes. A atividade enzimática foi verificada na maioria das espécies isoladas, com exceção de C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae e C. guilliermondii. Resistência ao fluconazol e anfotericina B foi observada em isolados de C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, e K. ohmeri. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes HIV-positivos são colonizados por espécies únicas ou múltiplas de levedura que ocasionalmente são resistentes ao fluconazol ou anfotericina B.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , Amphotericin B/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Candida/classification , Candidiasis, Oral/microbiology , Fluconazole/pharmacology , HIV Seropositivity/microbiology , Candida/drug effects , Candida/enzymology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism , Phospholipases/metabolism
2.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 63(6): 459-62, nov.-dez. 2000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-287883

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: estudo visando comparar a eficácia clínica, segurança e toxicidade do indinavir e da zidovudina quando administrados isoladamente e quando administrados concomitantemente. Métodos: Foram estudados, prospectivamente, a partir de abril de 1995, 300 pacientes (599 olhos), soropositivos para o HIV-1, sem infecçäo oportunista e com CD4 entre 50 e 250 células/nm 3, que fizeram parte de um estudo duplo-cego, randomizado. O parâmetro de eficácia determinado era o aparecimento de infecçöes oportunistas. Em julho de 1996 os pacientes que recebiam zidovudina isoladamente passaram a receber lamivudina associada. Em fevereiro de 1997 o estudo passa a ser aberto e todos os pacientes passam a receber a associaçäo das 3 drogas. Resultado: Säo referidos os achados oculares observados no início do estudo e as alteraçöes observadas prospectivamente em um período de 4 anos. Ocorreu retinite por CMV em 3 pacientes (4 olhos, 1,33 por cento), sendo todos do braço inicial do estudo que recebeu zidovudina isoladamente. Conclusäo: Os resultados sugerem reduçäo da incidência de retinite por CMV em pacientes tratados com inibidor de protease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Eye Diseases/epidemiology , HIV Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Indinavir/therapeutic use , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Zidovudine/therapeutic use , Double-Blind Method , Drug Therapy, Combination , Eye Diseases/diagnosis , Incidence , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
3.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 42(1): 27-36, Jan.-Feb. 2000. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-254826

ABSTRACT

Treatment with indinavir has been shown to result in marked decreases in viral load and increases in CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected individuals. A randomized double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy of indinavir alone (800 mg q8h), zidovidine alone (200 mg q8h) or the combination was performed to evaluate progression to AIDS. 996 antiretroviral therapy-naive patients with CD4 cell counts of 50-250/mm3 were allocated to treatment. During the trial the protocol was amended to add lamivudine to the zidovudine-containing arms. The primary endpoint was time to development of an AIDS-defining illness or death. The study was terminated after a protocol-defined interim analysis demonstrated highly significant reductions in progression to a clinical event in the indinavir-containing arms, compared to the zidovudine arm (<0.0001). Over a median follow-up of 52 weeks (up to 99 weeks), percent reductions in hazards for the indinavir plus zidovudine and indinavir groups compared to the zidovudine group were 70 percent and 61 percent, respectively. Significant reductions in HIV RNA and increases in CD4 cell counts were also seen in the indinavir-containing groups compared to the zidovudine group. Improvement in both CD4 cell count and HIV RNA were associated with reduced risk of disease progression. All three regimens were generally well tolerated


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Adult , Zidovudine/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Clinical Protocols , HIV Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use , CD4 Lymphocyte Count/drug effects , Indinavir/therapeutic use , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , RNA, Viral/drug effects , Confidence Intervals , HIV Infections/blood , Double-Blind Method , Follow-Up Studies , Disease Progression , Viral Load , Drug Therapy, Combination
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