ABSTRACT
Worldwide, Ischemic heart disease (IHD) affects a large population. Implication of myocardial infarction (MI) and its multiple pathophysiology in cardiac function is well known. Further, isoproterenol (ISP) is known to induce MI. Today, there is an urgent need for effective drug that could limit the myocardial injury. Therapeutic intervention with antioxidants has been shown useful in preventing the deleterious changes produced by ISP. Here, we investigated the protective effects of oral pre-treatment of hydroalcoholic extract of bark of Terminalia arjuna (HETA) on biochemical and apoptotic changes during cardiotoxicity induced by isoproterenol (ISP) in rats. HETA was orally administered at a dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body wt., for 30 days with concurrent administration of ISP (85 mg/kg body wt.) on days 28th and 29th at an interval of 24 h. ISP caused deleterious changes in the myocardium and significantly increased (P <0.05) malondialdehyde, serum glutamate oxaloacitate transaminase, creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase and troponin-I. However, it significantly decreased (P <0.05) glutathione and superoxide dismutase compared to healthy control. Oral pre-treatment of HETA for 30 days significantly decreased (P <0.05) the biochemical parameters of oxidative stress and cardiac markers as compared to ISP control. Histopathological findings also revealed that architecture of the myocardium was restored towards normal in HETA pre-treated group. Overall, the present study has shown that the hydroalcoholic extract of bark of T. arjuna (HETA) attenuates oxidative stress, apoptosis and improves antioxidant status in ISP-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
ABSTRACT
Rhinacanthus nasutus (RN) and selenium have been used for treatment of various illnesses, but the mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. This study focused on the influence of RN and selenium extracts on lipidperoxidation RN (water and ethanol extracts). The results of the present study showed that the methanalic extract was found to contain highest amount of non-enzymic antioxidants followed by the aqueous extract. It is evident that Rhinacanthus nasutus leaf extracts offered efficient antioxidant defense in the rat liver an in vitro model which simulates in vivo condition, when exposed to H2O2.Health benefits can be obtained from the leaves with decreased risk of disease as the leaves could prevent or protect the oxidative damage caused by environmentally benign oxidant hydrogen peroxide.
ABSTRACT
The present study was aimed to analyse the effect of acrylamide and Hybanthus enneaspermus leaf extract active principles on mice testis glutathione-s-transferases (GST; EC 2.5.1.18). These enzymes play a role in biotransformation of electrophilic compounds that cause damage to cells by conjugating with the substrate glutathione. Hybanthus enneaspermus, a spade flower, is an erect shrub of violaceae family, having free radical scavenging activity. Acrylamide is a known neurotoxicant that cause damage to almost all cells including liver, testis, brain and kidney. The GSTs purified from mice testis using glutathionyl linked agarose affinity chromatography were analyzed by using SDS-PAGE and were resolved into four sub units i.e. Yc, Yb, Yβ &Yδ. Also these subunits expression were confirmed by western blot analysis. During experimentation to analyze the effect of Hybanthus enneaspermus active principle (HE) mice were subjected to both acrylamide (AC) and also mixture of HE and AC. This exposure significantly altered the specific activity of mice GSTs in testis. Polyclonal antibodies produced against purified GSTs of mice testis on immunoblot analysis showed significant increase of μclass GSTs (Yb & Yβ) based on dose and time dependent manner. Therefore the present research of Hybanthus enneaspermus treatment on mice testis showed that, regulation of synthesis of μ-GSTs was depending on the dose of acrylamide concentration and also the active principles of HE. Hence it is proposed that μ-GSTs may be used as tumour markers for testis carcinoma, since their production is variable due to the increased dose concentration of synthetic chemical acrylamide and its regulation by plant product, HE.
ABSTRACT
Pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) is multi-factorial and many risk factors are associated with development of CAD. LDL-C has been an important target for therapeutic interventions and has been extensively studied. But, various studies have indicated that estimation of LDL-C is not enough to assess the risk. Moreover, LDL particles vary in their content, density and size which have different physico-chemical properties. In this paper, the role of small dense (sd) LDL in risk assessment for CAD and its response to different therapeutic modalities available have been reviewed.
Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis/complications , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , /chemistry , Cholesterol, LDL/metabolism , Clinical Chemistry Tests , Coronary Artery Disease/blood , Coronary Artery Disease/complications , Coronary Artery Disease/metabolism , Coronary Artery Disease/therapy , Humans , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Background: The role of oxygen free radicals in the initiation, promotion and progression of carcinogenesis and the protective role of anti-oxidant defenses have been the subject of much speculation in the recent past with confl icting reports in the literature. Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure the concentration/levels of serum total proteins, albumin and advanced oxidation protein products as markers of oxidative stress in sera of patients with an oral pre-cancerous lesion and frank oral cancer. Materials and methods: The study consisted of sera analysis of 30 new patients of histologically proven well-differentiated, oral squamous cell carcinoma and 10 patients, clinically diagnosed with a potentially malignant epithelial lesion, speckled leukoplakia, aged between 40 to 60 years, in addition to 25 healthy controls. One way analyses of variance were used to test the difference between groups. The normality of data was checked before the statistical analysis was performed. Results: The study revealed variations in sera levels of albumin and advanced oxidation protein products to be statistically signifi cant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results obtained emphasize the need for more studies with larger sample sizes to be conducted before a conclusive role could be drawn in favour of sera levels of total protein, albumin and advanced oxidation protein products as markers of diagnostic signifi cance and of the transition from the various oral pre-cancerous lesions and conditions into frank oral cancers.
ABSTRACT
Treatment with C. mukul and O. sanctum, showed a significant decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride levels respectively. O. sanctum also significantly increased serum HDL-cholesterol compared to control. Serum MDA levels were significantly reduced in all the treated groups compared to control suggesting that each of the drugs under study were effective in their free radical scavenging action. Erythrocyte SOD activity was increased in all the treatment groups with C. mukul showing the maximum effect followed by O. sanctum, folic acid and ramipril. The erythrocyte CAT activity was significantly increased in all the drug treated groups with maximum increase seen in O. sanctum and ramipril treated groups, whereas lesser effects were observed with C. mukul and folic acid groups. Thus, the indigenous drugs, C. mukul and O. sanctum had beneficial effect on hypercholesterolemic rabbit model, both in terms of lipid profile as well as antioxidant potential. Ocimum sanctum was found to be the most promising of all the drugs. Moreover, it could be hypothesized that these plant products along with folic acid and ramipril can be explored for synergistic effect for treatment for hypercholesterolemic conditions.