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Objective To investigate the effects of milrinone on levels of inflammatory factors and liver and renal function after CPB in rheumatic heart disease patients for valve replacement.Methods From January 2014 to January 2016,80 patients received valve replacement in the Central Hospital of Chongqing Three Gorges were randomly divided into observation group and control group by block randomization grouping method,with 40 patients in each group.The patients in the observation group were pumped intravenously with milrinone 0.5μg · kg-1 · min-1 for 72h after surgery,while the patients in the control group were not pumped.The serum levels of IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,TNF-αwere detected by ELISA before operation and on 0d,1 d,3d,5d after operation,respectively.The levels of ALT,AST,Scr were also detected at the same time.Moreover,the time for operation,extracorporeal circulation,interruption,mechanical ventilation,ICU and hospital were also compared between the two groups.Results The levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and IL-10 increased immediately after operation in both groups [control group:(14.97 ± 5.14)pg/mL,(52.45 ± 10.37) pg/mL,(34.10 ± 8.38) pg/mL,(32.27 ± 8.45) pg/mL;observation group:(16.05 ± 5.71) pg/mL,(54.39 ± 8.56) pg/mL,(33.80-7.69) pg/mL,(31.48 ± 5.94) pg/mL,t =-0.628,-0.644,0.116,0.342],and the peak values of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8 reached on the first day after operation in both two groups [control group:(52.07 ±10.18) pg/mL,(96.04 ±26.45) pg/mL,(91.14 ± 18.28)pg/mL,(48.10 ± 9.78) pg/mL;observation group:(50.37 ± 12.98) pg/mL,(93.66 ± 24.10) pg/mL,(83.16 ± 16.28) pg/mL,(46.68 ± 9.25) pg/mL,t =0.559,0.295,1.458,0.473],and the peak value of IL-10 reached on the 3rd day after operation (t =-3.577),the differences were statistically significant on the 3rd day after operation [control group:(36.03 ± 9.39)pg/mL,(59.56 ± 14.38) pg/mL,(53.91 ± 13.16) pg/mL,(85.55 ± 16.49) pg/mL;observation group:(36.70 ±4.33) pg/mL,(36.20 ± 3.85) pg/mL,(42.91 ± 7.30) pg/mL,(101.33 ± 10.81) pg/mL,t =-0.289,7.017,3.267,-3.577].The levels of ALT,AST and Scr increased immediately after operation in both groups [control group:(38.51 ±5.12) U/L,(40.23 ± 5.03) U/L,(62.27 ± 5.02) μmol/L;observation group:(39.20 ± 4.67) U/L,(39.6 ±4.94) U/L,(73.61 ± 4.04) μmol/L,t =0.114,0.243,0.630],there were tatistically significant difference between the two groups on the 5 th day after operation [control group:(61.45 ± 5.27) U/L,(54.20 ± 7.0) U/L,(86.45 ±9.01) μmol/L;observation group:(36.20 ± 3.85) U/L,(34.85 ± 7.12) U/L,(83.7 ± 11.07) μmol/L,t =11.231,9.224,5.647],and on the fifth day,the levels of ALT,AST and Scr in the observation group dropped to normal,while only the level of Scr in the control group dropped to normal.There were no statistically significant differences in the time of operation,extracorporeal circulation,interruption,mechanical ventilation between two groups (t =0.267,0.151,0.187,0.773,all P ＞ 0.05).However,there were statistically significant differences in the time of ICU and hospital [control group:(54.90 ± 16.84)h,(14.35 ± 3.01) d,observation group:(44.05 ±7.06)h,(10 ± 1.86)d,t =8.149,13.042,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion Milrinone can obviously improve the inflammatory reaction in surgical trauma tissues caused by IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,TNF-α,and can protect liver,renal tissue from injury,moreover,it can decrease the incidence of postoperative complications and the length of hospital stay.
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Objective@#To investigate the effects of milrinone on levels of inflammatory factors and liver and renal function after CPB in rheumatic heart disease patients for valve replacement.@*Methods@#From January 2014 to January 2016, 80 patients received valve replacement in the Central Hospital of Chongqing Three Gorges were randomly divided into observation group and control group by block randomization grouping method, with 40 patients in each group.The patients in the observation group were pumped intravenously with milrinone 0.5μg·kg-1·min-1 for 72h after surgery, while the patients in the control group were not pumped.The serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α were detected by ELISA before operation and on 0d, 1d, 3d, 5d after operation, respectively.The levels of ALT, AST, Scr were also detected at the same time.Moreover, the time for operation, extracorporeal circulation, interruption, mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital were also compared between the two groups.@*Results@#The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 increased immediately after operation in both groups[control group: (14.97±5.14)pg/mL, (52.45±10.37)pg/mL, (34.10±8.38)pg/mL, (32.27±8.45)pg/mL; observation group: (16.05±5.71)pg/mL, (54.39±8.56)pg/mL, (33.80±7.69)pg/mL, (31.48±5.94)pg/mL, t=-0.628, -0.644, 0.116, 0.342], and the peak values of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 reached on the first day after operation in both two groups[control group: (52.07±10.18)pg/mL, (96.04±26.45)pg/mL, (91.14±18.28)pg/mL, (48.10±9.78)pg/mL; observation group: (50.37±12.98)pg/mL, (93.66±24.10)pg/mL, (83.16±16.28)pg/mL, (46.68±9.25)pg/mL, t=0.559, 0.295, 1.458, 0.473], and the peak value of IL-10 reached on the 3rd day after operation(t=-3.577), the differences were statistically significant on the 3rd day after operation[control group: (36.03±9.39)pg/mL, (59.56±14.38)pg/mL, (53.91±13.16)pg/mL, (85.55±16.49)pg/mL; observation group: (36.70±4.33)pg/mL, (36.20±3.85)pg/mL, (42.91±7.30)pg/mL, (101.33±10.81)pg/mL, t=-0.289, 7.017, 3.267, -3.577]. The levels of ALT, AST and Scr increased immediately after operation in both groups[control group: (38.51±5.12)U/L, (40.23±5.03)U/L, (62.27±5.02)μmol/L; observation group: (39.20±4.67)U/L, (39.6±4.94)U/L, (73.61±4.04)μmol/L, t=0.114, 0.243, 0.630], there were tatistically significant difference between the two groups on the 5th day after operation[control group: (61.45±5.27)U/L, (54.20±7.0)U/L, (86.45±9.01)μmol/L; observation group: (36.20±3.85)U/L, (34.85±7.12)U/L, (83.7±11.07)μmol/L, t=11.231, 9.224, 5.647], and on the fifth day, the levels of ALT, AST and Scr in the observation group dropped to normal, while only the level of Scr in the control group dropped to normal.There were no statistically significant differences in the time of operation, extracorporeal circulation, interruption, mechanical ventilation between two groups (t=0.267, 0.151, 0.187, 0.773, all P>0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences in the time of ICU and hospital [control group: (54.90±16.84)h, (14.35±3.01)d, observation group: (44.05±7.06)h, (10±1.86)d, t=8.149, 13.042, all P<0.05].@*Conclusion@#Milrinone can obviously improve the inflammatory reaction in surgical trauma tissues caused by IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and can protect liver, renal tissue from injury, moreover, it can decrease the incidence of postoperative complications and the length of hospital stay.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of nutritional risk,undernutrition and nutritional support among elderly inpatients with coronary heart disease in 11 tertiary A hospitals in China.Methods Records of elderly patients under the age of 90 with coronary heart disease were collected between March 2012 and May 2012 from 11 tertiary A hospitals in China following the direction of diagnosis related group of Beijing government.Results A total of 1 279 consecutive cases were recruited with the average age 74 years old (65-89).The total nutritional risk prevalence was 28.14％ (360/1 279).The prevalence of nutritional risk and nutritional risk score ≥ 5 increased with age.The prevalence of nutritional risk (12.88％ vs.30.08％ vs.42.28％) and nutritional risk scored ≥5 (10.86％ vs.18.61％ vs.27.78％)increased with age.Judging from BMI,most patients were overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2),accounting for 53.0％ of the total,and prevalence of nutritional risk in this subgroup was 15.12％ (96/635).The prevalence of nutritional risk in patients with normal BMI was 34.24％.The prevalence of undernutrition defined as BMI＜ 18.5 kg/m2 was 4.25％ (51/1 279),among which patients with score ≥ 5 account for 64.7％ (33/51).The prevalence of undernutrition defined as nutritional impairment score =3 was 7.58％ (97/1 279).In patients with nutritional risk,57 were administrated nutrition support (16.6％);in patients without nutritional risk,21 received nutrition support,mostly parenteral nutrition (16 cases,76.2％).In patients with nutritional risk [(79.46± 7.19) years vs.(76.40± 6.16) years],there were statistically significant difference between those who received nutrition support and those who did not in terms of age and the ratio of patients with nutritional risk scored≥5 (35.1％ vs.17.1％) (P =0.001,P=0.002).Conclusions The prevalence of nutritional risk in patients with coronary heart disease was high.The prevalence of undernutrition was low.Prevalence of overweight and obese was high,but there was still nutritional risk in this group of patients.The patients who received nutrition support were older and had high nutritional impairment score,but the indication is not rationale.
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Objective To study the efficacy of linezolid on gram positive bacterial infection in elderly patients and risk factors associated with thrombocytopenia.Methods A retrospective analysis of 50 elderly patients treated with intravenous linezolid for gram-positive bacterial infection from January 2008 to October 2010 was conducted.Clinical data and bacteriological responses were assessed.Efficacy of linezolid on infection and risk factors associated with thrombocytopenia in elderly patients were analyzed.Results The average duration of treatment was (13±2) d,the efficacy rate was 74 ％ and the bacteriological eradication rate was 69 ％ (18/26).Thrombocytopenia occurred in 24 patients during the treatment,and the average platelet count was significantly reduced compared with pretreatment[(146±87) 109/L vs.(239± 114) 109/L,t=3.888,P=0.000)].Thromhocytopenia was associated with the baseline platelet count and the mean time of linezolid treatment.Based on a Logistic regression analysis,the baseline platelet count ＜ 200 × 109/L was identified as the only significant risk factor for linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia in elderly patients (OR =0.244,95％CI:0.068-0.874,P=0.030).The mean platelet count was decreased significantly after 7 days of treatment,and decreased to the lowest value 1-2 days after the end of therapy.Conclusions Linezolid is effective and safe for the elderly with gram-positive bacterial infection,especially hospital acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection.Linezolid has little effect on liver and renal function in elderly patients,but it can cause thrombocytopenia,which is associated with baseline platelet count and the mean time of linezolid treatment.Platelet counts should be monitored during treatment and measures should be taken to prevent hemorrhagic tendencies.
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To observe the perioperative changes of erythrocyte (RBC) phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity and content of ATP and Mg~(2+) in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Method: Fifteen patients undergoing open heart surgery were admitted to this study. Arterial blood samples were collected for the measurements of PFK aczivity, contents of ATP and Mg~(2+) in RBC at 9 points: before anesthesia induction, spiliting sternum, the beginning of CPB.5 minutes after aorta occlusion, at the end of CPB, at the end of operation.on the lst,2nd and 3rd postoperative day. Result: Erythrocyte PFK activity had no marked change during anesthesia, but was decreased significantly on the 1st postoperative day compared with beseline (P