A Case of Gastric Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinoma Presenting as a Subepithelial Tumor Diagnosed by Endoscopic Resection / 대한소화기학회지

No abstract available.

Correlation between Frailty Level and Adverse Health-related Outcomes of Community-Dwelling Elderly, One Year Retrospective Study / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: Frailty is considered to be a clinical syndrome characterized by decreased physiological reserves associated with a greater risk of health-related problems, hospitalization, and death. The current study examined hospitalization, falls, cognitive decline and disability between robust, prefrail and frail elderly in one year. METHODS: 110 participants aged 65 or more who visited two senior welfare centers in Seoul from February 2008 to June 2008 were surveyed again from March 2009 to June 2009 with demographic characteristics, number of chronic diseases and medication, study of osteoporotic fractures (SOF) frailty index, instrumental activity of daily living (IADL), depression, mini-mental state examination-Korean version (MMSE-K), falling history and admission history within one year. These results were compared with participants' previous survey done one year ago. RESULTS: Among total 110 subjects, 48 (44%) robust, 30 (27%) prefrail, and 32 (29%) frail subjects changed to 26 (24%), 54 (49%), and 30 (27%) respectively over the year. There were statistical significances in age, number of chronic disease, depressive mood, MMSE, falls, hospitalization, IADL disability contributing to frailty (P < 0.05). Frailty defined by SOF frailty index was associated with greater risk of adverse outcomes. Frail subjects had a higher age-adjusted risk of cognitive function decline (odds ratio [OR], 3.57), disability (OR, 9.64), fall (OR, 5.42), and hospitalization (OR, 4.45; P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: The frailty index like SOF frailty index might predict risk of falls, disability, hospitalization, and cognitive decline in the elderly, emphasizing special attention to the individuals showing frailty in outpatient examination.

Correlation between Frailty Level and Disability of the Elderly and Frailty Related Factors / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: Frailty is a wasting syndrome that presents loss of physiological function by aging, lowering of reserve capacity, and disability of body system. It is currently being considered an important issue in geriatrics. This study examined frailty level of Korean elderly in community and whether frailty can be meaningful a predictive factor for functional disability. METHODS: Demographic characteristics, the number of chronic diseases and medications, cardiovascular health study (CHS) frailty index, study of osteoporotic fractures (SOF) frailty index, activities of daily living, Instrumental activities of daily living, depression, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and fall history were examined for 302 men and women over 65 years old who visited the three community seniors welfare centers from February 2008 to June 2008. RESULTS: There were definite differences of frailty status by age, educational level, marital status, monthly income, body mass index, the number of chronic diseases, the number of medications, depression, MMSE and fall history (P < 0.05), except in gender (P < 0.432). In logistic regression analysis for functional disability with frailty status defined by SOF frailty index, odds ratio to dependency of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) from the healthy to the prefrail stage increased 6.84 times while from the healthy to the frail stage increased 130.87 times. These effects still increased after covariate adjustment. Also, the CHS frailty index showed the same result although there was some difference in odds ratio. CONCLUSION: There were meaningful correlations of frailty with functional disability when dividing Korean elderly's frailty levels into the healthy, the prefrail and the frail stages.

Inpatient Smoking Cessation Program and Its Success Rate for Abstinence among Korean Smokers / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: Inpatient smoking cessation programs have been known to be quite effective for smoking cessation, but it was rarely conducted among Koreans. This study was to investigate the effect of inpatient smoking cessation program among Korean smokers. METHODS: From March 1 to April 30, 2008, we carried out a randomized controlled trial for inpatient smoking cessation program among 70 smokers who were 18 years of age or over and admitted to a university hospital in Seoul, Korea. For the intervention group, a trained doctor conducted the systematic educational program for smoking cessation of 30 minutes to an hour. For the control group, they were advised with a 3-minute explanation for smoking cessation. We assessed the abstinence rates of study participants at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after discharge. RESULTS: In 3 months after the discharge, the abstinence rate for the intervention group was 37.1% while that of the control group was 14.3%. In simple logistic regression analysis, the smokers among the intervention group were 3.5 times more likely to abstain than those in the control group. After controlling for confounding factors, the smokers among the intervention group was 11.4 times more likely to abstain than those in the control group. CONCLUSION: For Korean smokers, the inpatient smoking cessation program showed a higher success rate of abstinence compared to simple advice and limited counselling.