Effects of rehydration fluid temperature and composition on body weight retention upon voluntary drinking following exercise-induced dehydration

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of beverage temperature and composition on weight retention and fluid balance upon voluntary drinking following exercise induced-dehydration. Eight men who were not acclimated to heat participated in four randomly ordered testing sessions. In each session, the subjects ran on a treadmill in a chamber maintained at 37degrees C without being supplied fluids until 2% body weight reduction was reached. After termination of exercise, they recovered for 90 min under ambient air conditions and received one of the following four test beverages: 10degrees C water (10W), 10degrees C sports drink (10S), 26degrees C water (26W), and 26degrees C sports drink (26S). They consumed the beverages ad libitum. The volume of beverage consumed and body weight were measured at 30, 60, and 90 min post-recovery. Blood samples were taken before and immediately after exercise as well as at the end of recovery in order to measure plasma parameters and electrolyte concentrations. We found that mean body weight decreased by 1.8-2.0% following exercise. No differences in mean arterial pressure, plasma volume, plasma osmolality, and blood electrolytes were observed among the conditions. Total beverage volumes consumed were 1,164 +/- 388, 1,505 +/- 614, 948 +/- 297, and 1,239 +/- 401 ml for 10W, 10S, 26W, and 26S respectively (P > 0.05). Weight retention at the end of recovery from dehydration was highest in 10S (1.3 +/- 0.7 kg) compared to 10W (0.4 +/- 0.5 kg), 26W (0.4 +/- 0.4 kg), and (0.6 +/- 0.4 kg) (P < 0.005). Based on these results, carbohydrate/electrolyte-containing beverages at cool temperature were the most favorable for consumption and weight retention compared to plain water and moderate temperature beverages.

Management of Three Cases of Decentration after Laser In Situ Keratomileusis

Four hundred one eyes of 219 patients underwent laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital from March 1997 to June 1998. Of those, 33 eyes of 25 patients were retreated. Among 33 eyes, we presumed that 3 eyes had decreased visual quality mainly associated with decentration. The mean reftactive error and the amount of decentration of 3 eyes were -1.00 diopter and 2.66mm. After retreatment of these 3 eyes, uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, and visual quality were improved by correction of residual refractive errors, even though the amount of decentration was the same. In cases of decreased visual quality which is suspected to be mainly associated with decentration, we need differentiation between decentration and residual rfractive errors as causes of decreased visual quality. Even though decentration is suspected as a cause of decreased visual quality, visual quality can be improved by correction of residual refractive errors.

Management of Three Cases of Decentration after Laser In Situ Keratomileusis

Four hundred one eyes of 219 patients underwent laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital from March 1997 to June 1998. Of those, 33 eyes of 25 patients were retreated. Among 33 eyes, we presumed that 3 eyes had decreased visual quality mainly associated with decentration. The mean reftactive error and the amount of decentration of 3 eyes were -1.00 diopter and 2.66mm. After retreatment of these 3 eyes, uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, and visual quality were improved by correction of residual refractive errors, even though the amount of decentration was the same. In cases of decreased visual quality which is suspected to be mainly associated with decentration, we need differentiation between decentration and residual rfractive errors as causes of decreased visual quality. Even though decentration is suspected as a cause of decreased visual quality, visual quality can be improved by correction of residual refractive errors.

Utility of H-reflex in the Diagnosis Cervical Radiculopathy / 영남의대학술지

H-reflex is a kind of late respons which can be used for the proximal nerve conduction study. Also it is a useful and widely used nerve conduction technique es to look electrically at the monosynaptic reflex. Although recordable from all muscles theoretically, H-reflexes are most commonly recorded from the calf muscles following stimulation of the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa. But in this study, We tried to establish the normal data and to evaluate the significance of the H-reflex study in cervical radiculopathy. H-reflexes were recorded from flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscle, extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscle, brachioradialis (BR) muscle, and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle in 31 normal adults (62 cases) and 12 patients with cervical radiculopathy. The mean values of H-reflex latency in normal control group were 16.16+/- 1.65 msec in FCR; 15.99+/- 1.25 msec in ECR; 16.47+/- 1.59 msec in BR; 24.46+/- 1.42 msec in ADM. And the mean values of side to side difference of H-reflex latency were 0.47+/- 0.48 msec in FCR; 0.68+/- 0.72 msec in ECR; 0.63+/- 0.43 msec in BR; 22.31+/- 1.24 msec in ADM. Mean values of side to side differences of interlatency time were 0.49+/-0.47 msec in FCR; 0.73+/- 0.62 msec in ECR; 0.79+/- 0.71 msec in BR; 0.69+/- 0.44 msec in ADM. Also, there were no significant differences in H-reflex latency between right and left side. H-reflex tests in patient group with cervical radiculopathy revealed abnormal findings in 11 out of 12 patients. These results suggest that H-reflex in the upper extremity would be helpful in the diagnosis of the cervical radiculopathy.