Relationship between Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction among Korean Nurses: A Meta-Analysis / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to understand the determinants of job satisfaction for hospital nurses in Korea. Organization culture is deemed as a strong factor which contributes to overall job satisfaction. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted using five electronic databases to identify Korean studies for the years 1998 to 2017. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software Ver 2.0 was then utilized in data analysis. RESULTS: A meta-analysis of data from 36 studies indicated that the overall effect size of correlation between organizational culture and job satisfaction was moderate (ESr=.36), and publication year was negatively associated with these factors in the meta-regression model. In addition, the magnitude of the types of organizational culture and job satisfaction varied according to size of the hospitals: innovation-oriented culture for secondary hospitals (ESr=.49) and relation-oriented culture for tertiary hospitals (ESr=.46). Lastly, of four different organizational cultures, innovation-oriented culture showed the strongest correlation with job satisfaction (ESr=.50), followed by relation-oriented culture (ESr=.49), and task-oriented culture (ESr=.30). CONCLUSION: Results indicate that nursing organization culture plays a significant role in Korean nurses' job satisfaction. The implication of the study is that creating an innovation-oriented and relation-oriented culture in hospitals may effectively promote nurses' job satisfaction more than hierarchy-oriented culture.

Nursing Tasks and Practice Environment for Nursing Work Perceived by Nurses Working on Comprehensive Wards versus General Wards / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was performed to measure the level of nursing tasks and practice environment of nursing work (PENW) perceived by nurses working on comprehensive wards or general wards, and to investigate the relationship between these two variables. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional survey. Participants were 97 nurses working on comprehensive or general wards of one general hospital in Gyeonggido, Korea. Data were collected from October 17 to 21, 2016 using the structured questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS/PC ver 18.0 programs. RESULTS: The scores for nursing tasks (performance, importance, and knowledge) perceived by nurses working on comprehensive wards were higher than nurses on general wards. The score for PENW perceived by nurses working on comprehensive wards was significantly higher than that of nurses on general wards. For comprehensive ward nurses, there was a relationship between nursing tasks and PENW, but no relationship was found for general ward nurses. CONCLUSION: This findings show that nurses working on comprehensive wards evaluate nursing tasks and PENW higher than nurses working on general wards indicating that nursing managers should work to raise the perception of general ward nursing tasks and PENW.

Influence of Nurse Managers' Authentic Leadership on Nurses' Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction: Focused on the Mediating Effects of Empowerment

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the mediating effect of empowerment in the relationship of nurse managers' authentic leadership, with nurses' organizational commitment and job satisfaction. METHODS: The participants in this study were 273 registered nurses working in five University hospitals located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The measurements included the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire, Condition of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-II, Organizational Commitment Questionnaire and Korea-Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficients, simple and multiple regression techniques with the SPSS 18.0 program. Mediation analysis was performed according to the Baron and Kenny method and Sobel test. RESULTS: There were significant correlations among authentic leadership, empowerment, organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Empowerment showed perfect mediating effects in the relationship between authentic leadership and organizational commitment. It had partial mediating effects in the relationship between authentic leadership and job satisfaction. CONCLUSION: In this study, nurse managers' authentic leadership had significant influences on nurses organizational commitment and job satisfaction via empowerment. Therefore, to enhance nurses' organizational commitment and job satisfaction, it is necessary to build effective strategies to enhance nurse manager's authentic leadership and to develop empowering education programs for nurses.

Perceptions on Fixed Night Shift System and Turnover Intention of General Hospital Nurses / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify perceptions on fixed night shift system and turnover intention of general hospital nurses and to explore a desirable application plan for a fixed night shift system. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional survey. Participants were 300 nurses working at one general hospital in GyeongGi-Do, Korea. Data were collected from November 3 to 7, 2014, with a structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS/PC ver 20.0 programs. RESULTS: Of the participants 73.5% had thought about turnover because of night shifts and the preconditions for desirable fixed night shift system were a payment plan differentiated according to work conditions and an adequate number of nursing staff. Economic and administrative supports like 'raising extra-pay for night shift' and 'increasing the number of paid holidays' were very important for a desirable fixed night shift system. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the most important factor for a desirable fixed night shift system to decrease nurses' turnover intention is economic and administrative support according to the needs of the nurses. So nursing managers need to find a desirable fixed night shift system considering nurses' demographic characteristics and organizational characteristics.

Effects of a Short-term Life Review on Spiritual Well-being, Depression, and Anxiety in Terminally Ill Cancer Patients

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the effects of a short-term life review on spiritual well-being, depression, and anxiety in patients with terminal cancer. METHODS: The study used a pre posttest quasi experimental design with a nonequivalent control group. Measurement instruments included the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual scale (FACIT-Sp12) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Participants were 32 patients with terminal cancer who were receiving chemotherapy or palliative care at hospitals or at home. Eighteen patients were assigned to the experimental group and 14 to the control group. A sixty minute short-term life review session was held twice a week as the intervention with the experimental group. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increase in spiritual well-being in the experimental group compared to the control group. There were also significant decreases in depression and anxiety in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that a short-term life review can be used as a nursing intervention for enhancing the spiritual well-being of patients with terminal cancer.

Development of Key Indicators for Nurses Performance Evaluation and Estimation of Their Weights for Management by Objectives

PURPOSE: This methodological research was designed to develop performance evaluation key indicators (PEKIs) for management by objectives (MBO) and to estimate their weights for hospital nurses. METHODS: The PEKIs were developed by selecting preliminary indicators from a literature review, examining content validity and identifying their level of importance. Data were collected from November 14, 2007 to February 18, 2008. Data set for importance of indicators was obtained from 464 nurses and weights of PEKIs domain was from 453 nurses, who worked for at least 2 yr in one of three hospitals. Data were analyzed using chi-square-test, factor analysis, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process. RESULTS: Based upon Content Validity Index of .8 or above, 61 indicators were selected from the 100 preliminary indicators. Finally, 40 PEKIs were developed from the 61 indicators, and categorized into 10 domains. The highest weight of the 10 domains was customer satisfaction, which was followed by patient education, direct nursing care, profit increase, safety management, improvement of nursing quality, completeness of nursing records, enhancing competence of nurses, indirect nursing care, and cost reduction, in that order. CONCLUSION: PEKIs and their weights can be utilized for impartial evaluation and MBO for hospital nurses. Further research to verify PEKIs would lead to successful implementation of MBO.

Effects of Diabetic Education Fortified with Individual Practice on Plasma Glucose, Self-care, and Self Reported Physical Symptom in Type 2 Diabetic Patients / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was attempted to estimate the effects of diabetic education fortified with individual practice on plasma glucose, self-care, and self reported physical symptoms in type 2 diabetes patients METHOD: The subjects consisted of 46 patients with type 2 diabetes patients, who took the hospitalization diabetes education program from July 2003 until February 2004 at Seoul C university hospital. The experimental group was assessed at pre- and post intervention. The diabetes education was provided for one week. The education consisted of diabetes education videos for the diabetic introduction, group education for medication therapy, dietetic treatment and diabetes complication education. Also individual education for nurses examination of glycemia and insulin injection practice. RESULTS: The HbA1c values significantly decreased from 9.6% on the time of hospitalization to 7.4% 3 months after discharge. In respect to the number of days of self-care, medication, diet, exercise, cleansing feet, and carrying sweets to prepare for hypoglycemia all significantly increased 3 months after discharge compared to the values at the time of hospitalization. Self reported physical symptoms were also significantly increased 3 months after discharge compared to the time of hospitalization. CONCLUSION: The diabetic education fortified with individual practice can be practically used as a plan for managing glycemia, self-care, and self reported physical symptom of diabetes patients.

Self Care Compliance, Family Support, and Depression in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine self care compliance, family support, and depression in patients with congestive heart failure. METHOD: The participants were 105 outpatients with congestive heart failure. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey on self care compliance, family support, and depression. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS Win 10.0 program. RESULT: 1. The total score for Self care compliance was 78.34 out of a possible 120 and was significantly high for people in ages between 70~79 years and people who were not employed. Exercise compliance was significantly high in men and classifications I & II of the NYHA class. Compliance with smoking and alcohol cessation were significantly high in women. Medication compliance was significantly high in the group which had experience with hospitalization. Family support was 31.75 out of a possible 40 and showed significant differences depending on spouse status and religion. Depression was 30.18 out of a possible 64 and was significantly high in the group whose educational level was above college graduation or who were under 65 years of age. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that nurses have to emphasize smoking and alcohol cessation for men, exercise for women and total self care compliance for patients under 65 years of age.

Increased Proliferating Activity of Endometrium in Endometriosis / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the expression of Ki-67, NF-kappa B, and COX-2 in endometrial tissue, and the incidence of polyps by hysteroscopic biopsy with or without endometriosis. METHODS: The study group was 92 patients with endometriosis and the control group was 90 patients without endometriosis. The subjects were 20 samples. The 10 samples consisted of eutopic endometrium with endometriosis. The control subjects were 10 samples of normal endometrium. Expression of Ki-67, NF-kappa B, and COX-2 was immunohistochemically investigated by polyclonal antibody. RESULTS: Endometrial polyps were found in 53 of 92 (57.6%) women with endometriosis but only in 15 of 90 (16.7%) women without endometriosis. High expression of Ki-67 was shown in eutopic endometrium with endometriosis. The expression of NF-kappa B and COX-2 was increased in eutopic endometrium with endometriosis, but normal endometrium showed lower expression. CONCLUSION: The increase of endometrial polyps and hyperexpression of NF-kappa B, COX-2, Ki-67 could explain that proliferation activity of eutopic endometrium with endometriosis is increased.

Hysteroscopy Guided Diagnosis and Treatment: An Analysis of 8 Years Experience / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of hysteroscopy and its complications. METHODS: Reviewed 415 cases treated by hysteroscopy during 1994.9-2003.2 at Ajou University Hospital. RESULTS: Major indications were infertility (321 cases, 77.3%) and gynecologic indications such as myoma, polyps etc (94 cases, 22.7%). Hysteroscopic findings were polyp (192 cases, 46.3%), synechiae (72 cases, 17.3%), submucosal myoma (21 cases, 5.1%) and uterine anomaly (13 cases, 3.1%). Complications were 2 cases of uterine perforations and one case of bowel injury. CONCLUSION: Hysteroscopy is a safe, minimally invasive procedure with a low rate of complications.

The Efficacy of Sclerotherapy for Conservative Treatment of Ovarian Pseudocyst / 대한불임학회지

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of sclerotherapy for conservative treatment of ovarian pseudocyst. METHODS: Patients with ovarian pseudocyst who had undergone sclerotherapy at Ajou University Hospital from February, 1997 to March, 2002 were included in this study. Sclerotherapy was performed as follows: Under intravenous analgesia, the cyst was irrigated with dehydrated alcohol after aspiration under transvaginal sonography. The aspirated contents and alcohol irrigated contents were sent for cytologic examination. RESULTS: 71 patients with ovarian pseudocyst were performed sclerotherapy. All but 2 patients were followed up for 0.5 to 33 months with transvaginal sonography and pelvic examination. Mean age of the patients was 40 years old. Mean size of the pseudocyst was 8.0 cm, mean amount of aspiration fluid was 179.8 ml, and average follow-up duration was 6.0 months. All had abdominal or pelvic surgical history and 38 patients (58.9%) of them had undergone hysterectomy. 44 of 71 patients (62.0%) were performed sclerotherapy only one time. 27 patients (38.0%) recurred and were undergone more than one time. Complication was not occurred in all cases. CONSLUSIONS: We concluded that although pseudocyst after sclerotherapy has high recurrence rate, sclerotherapy was an safe and effective method for conservative treatment of ovarian pseudocyst.

The Efficacy of Sclerotherapy for Conservative Treatment of Ovarian Pseudocyst / 대한불임학회지

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of sclerotherapy for conservative treatment of ovarian pseudocyst. METHODS: Patients with ovarian pseudocyst who had undergone sclerotherapy at Ajou University Hospital from February, 1997 to March, 2002 were included in this study. Sclerotherapy was performed as follows: Under intravenous analgesia, the cyst was irrigated with dehydrated alcohol after aspiration under transvaginal sonography. The aspirated contents and alcohol irrigated contents were sent for cytologic examination. RESULTS: 71 patients with ovarian pseudocyst were performed sclerotherapy. All but 2 patients were followed up for 0.5 to 33 months with transvaginal sonography and pelvic examination. Mean age of the patients was 40 years old. Mean size of the pseudocyst was 8.0 cm, mean amount of aspiration fluid was 179.8 ml, and average follow-up duration was 6.0 months. All had abdominal or pelvic surgical history and 38 patients (58.9%) of them had undergone hysterectomy. 44 of 71 patients (62.0%) were performed sclerotherapy only one time. 27 patients (38.0%) recurred and were undergone more than one time. Complication was not occurred in all cases. CONSLUSIONS: We concluded that although pseudocyst after sclerotherapy has high recurrence rate, sclerotherapy was an safe and effective method for conservative treatment of ovarian pseudocyst.

Korean Nursing Students' Experience of Ethical Problems and Use of Ethical Decision-Making Models / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to study on 1) What is nursing students' experience of ethical problems involving nursing practice? 2) What is nursing students' experience of using ethical decision-making models? METHOD: In order to answer these two questions, we selected 97 senior baccalaureate nursing students from two Korean universities using a conceptual framework and method of content analysis. RESULT: From 97 ethical problems emerged five content categories, the largest being ethical problems involving health professionals (69%); the basic nature of the nursing students' experience of ethical problems consisted of conflict, resolution, and rationale; 94% of the students stated that using an ethical decision-making model was helpful. CONCLUSION: Although additional research is needed, these findings have important implications for nursing ethics education and practice.

Model Development of Korean Professional Hospice Care Education / 간호학회지

This study was conducted to develop an education program of hospice care for the professional in order to care for nurses for terminally ill patients facing death and their families. The Modified Tyler-Type Ends-Means model was used to guide the curriculum development of the study. The curriculum include a philosophical conception of hospice education, fundamental concepts, purpose, objective and the educational contents. The content was developed based upon a 70% or more demand in educational demand analysis. The education program has a total of 360 hours consisting of 172 hours of theoretical study and 188 hours of practice including fundamental nursing care for hospice.

A Study on the Curriculum Development for the Professional Hospice Nurse in Korea / 간호학회지

The purpose of this study is to develop the first domestic professional hospice educational program. We investigated the present condition of Korean hospice education and analyzed the prerequisite need for a dedicated hospice course in the professional education process. Research was conducted between June and November 1996 for nursing professors teaching at each nursing education institute to find out how much hospice is being discussed and by whom, in which course it is being discussed, and also to find out the contents that needed to be include in the professional education process. From a total of 49 colleges(29 three year colleges, 20 four year colleges) out of 99, 162 nursing professors replied, the collection rate was 49.5%. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The present condition of the hospice nursing education. 1) Whether hospice is included in the education program. (1) 89-65% of 3 year colleges and 90% of 4year colleges included hospice education in their education program. (2) In graduate studies three schools included hospice their program and three schools expressed their plans to include hospice education. 2) Hospice related education were commonly discussed in adult nursing(26.3%), fundamental nursing(22.8%), and psychiatric nursing(20.2%). In 3 year colleges its commonly discussed in the first and second year and in 4 year colleges it is taught in the second and third year. 3) Hospice related theory/practical education hours were averages of 6.5/7.0 hrs in 3 year colleges and 14.2/11.3 hrs in 4 year colleges. 4) The majority of professors in charge of hospice education were in the following order adult nursing, psychiatric nursing, and fundamental nursing. 5) The courses that are thought to be adequate to manage hospice related education were adult nursing(29.3%), community health nursing(21.7%) and the described method education was the method currently being used(36.5%). 2. The demand for hospice nursing education. 1) Over 70% demanded professional hospice education program, the highest demand was for the value and meaning of life followed by the role and qualification of the hospice team and the mental maintenance of a dying patient. 25 categories showed over 90% demand. 2) The highest demand was for the value and meaning of life(98.2%) and the lowest demand were for danjeon breathing(71.0%) and acupuncture(71.0%). 3) Other contents that need to be discussed in the professional hospice education program were hospice nursing, the attitude and reaction of death, bereavement care, and the prospect of hospice.