ABSTRACT
We evaluated the relative tear flow in the upper and lower canaliculus using dacryoscintigraphy. 22 eyes were studied in 11 persons and the upper or lower punctums of both eyes were occluded with 0.3 or 0.4 mm diameter 1.75 mm long collagen plug and 13 of Technetium-99m sulphur colloid were placed in both eyes. Dacryoscintigraphy was performed in the upright position for 12 minutes. Using Pegasys. program, time-activity curve and T1/2 of radioisotope in the palpebral aperture were measured twice and the mean T1/2 was calculated. T1/2 values with the upper and lower canaliculus occluded were compared and analyzed. Of 22 eyes studied, 12 had more rapid tear transport in the upper canaliculus and 10 through the lower. The mean T1/2 of transport in the upper canaliculus was 703.2+/-789.2 seconds and 692.3+/-450.3 seconds in the lower. Tear drainage in the lower canaliculus was more rapid but this value was not found to be statistically significant (P=0.626 ). Therefore there was no significant difference between the upper and lower canalicular tear flow but individual variabilities. Considering these results, when punctum occlusion for the treatment of dry eye and reconstruction of canalicular laceration are performed we should equally weigh on both the upper and lower canaliculus.
Subject(s)
Humans , Collagen , Colloids , Drainage , Lacerations , TearsABSTRACT
A number of noninvasive technics have been advocated as reflecting left ventricular performance. These methods include systolic time intervals, echocardiography and imaging of the left ventricular chamber with radionuclides during systole and diastole. Radionuclide evaluation of left ventricular function by means of the gamma camera and gating currently appears to be the most reliable noninvasive method for approximating angiographic evaluation of left ventricular performance. Utilizing the radionuclide angiography, we measured the left ventricular function in 19 normal healthy control, 60 patients with coronary artery diseases 7 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, 5 patients with hypertension. 1) Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased in 12 patients with anterior myocardial infarction (39.9+/-11.6%), 17 patients with inferior myocardial infarction (49.9+/-8.4%) and 7 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (19.0+/-5.8%), and there was a statistically significant difference compared with 19 normal control group (63.5+/-8.2%)(p<0.005). However there were no statistically significant difference between normal control group, patients with hypertension (58.8+/-7.6%) and patients with angina pectoris (60.1+/-6.5%). 2) Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased in both anterior and inferior myocardial infarction, and there was a statisically significant difference between both groups (p<0.01). All 13 patients with acute myocardial infarction had abnormal LVEF (40.5+/-9.1%) whcih was significantly lower than that of 16 patients with old myolardial infarction (50.1+/-10.5%)(p<0.01).