ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to report mixed germ cell tumor, which revealed changes compatible with early transformation of dysgerminoma to endodermal sinus tumor(EST) through histogenetic considerations and immunohistochemical stains. METHODS: Ovarian germ cell tumors were reviewed from files of Dept. Ob/Gyn. Seoul Paik Hospital fiom 1992.1 to 1996.12. Total of 5 cases include 4 pure dysgerminoma and 1 mixed germ cell tumars. All tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin and reviewed by two pathologists with immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin, vimentin, AFP, PCNA, p53 & bc1-2. RESULTS: Grossly, the areas of transformation were located at the middle of the mixed tumor. The outer layer of the tumor mass was filled with typical pure dysgerminoma. They were characterised as the presence of microcysts and small glandular structures in hematoxylin-eosin(H-E) stains with positive stain for vimentin, except the tissue of the EST. The cells in the intermediate layer were characterised as the mixed form of dysgerminomatous and EST structures in H-E stains. AFP in the dysgerminomatous cells in intermediate layer and EST were stained, but not in outer layer. CONCLUSION: Dysgerminoma may possess the ability to transform to EST. There might be intermediate stage between dysgerminoma and EST, and Immunohistochemical staining for AFP, cytokeratin, vimentin, PCNA also can be used for prognosis of germ cell tumor.
Subject(s)
Coloring Agents , Dysgerminoma , Endoderm , Endodermal Sinus Tumor , Formaldehyde , Germ Cells , Keratins , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal , Paraffin , Prognosis , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen , Seoul , Vimentin , Yolk SacABSTRACT
Embryos of most mammalian species grown in vitro would undergo developmental arrest at the approximate time of genomic activation. Stage-specific cell block and the resulting rapid loss of embryo viability in conventional culture media have limited the duration for which embryos may be cultured prior to transfer. As a result, embryos are usually transferred to the uterus at the 4-to 8-cell stage to avoid the loss of viability associated with long-term in vitro culture. Early transfer has led to asynchrony of the endometrium-trophectoderm interaction at the time of implantation and a resultant reduction in the rate of implantation. To overcome these problems, a variety of co-culture systems has been devised in which embryos can develop for a longer period prior to embryo transfer. Vero cells, derived from African green monkey kidney, share a common embryologic origin with cells from the genital tract. In addition, they are potentially safe to use, since they are highly controlled for viruses and other contaminants. Therefore, co-culture using Vero cells has been widely utilized to enhance embryo viability and development, although not without controversies. We thus designed a series of experiments to demonstrate whether Vero cells do indeed enhance mouse embryo development as well as to compare the efficacy of co-culturing mouse 1-cell embryos on Vero cell monolayer in both Ham's F-10 and human tubal fluid (HTF) culture media. 1-cell stage ICR mouse embryos were cultured either in the presence of Vero cells (Group A) or in conventional culture medium alone (Group B). In Ham's F-10 significantly more 3-to-8cell embryos developed in group A than group B (59.8 versus 10.0%; F<0.01). In contrast, there was no significant difference in embryonic development both group A and group B in HTF. However, significant differences were noted only in later embryonic stage (13 and 0%; p<0.05 of group A and B respectively, hatching or hatched). In Ham's F-10, we also could observe the beneficial effect of Vero cell on hatching process (70.7 and 42.1%; p<0.05 of group A and group B respectively).
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Pregnancy , Chlorocebus aethiops , Coculture Techniques , Culture Media , Embryo Transfer , Embryonic Development , Embryonic Structures , Kidney , Mice, Inbred ICR , Uterus , Vero CellsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic importance of age in patients with Stage IB cervical cancer, we examined the relationship between age and survival in patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Retrospective analysis was performed on 107 patients were treated with surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy or radiation alone between October 1983 and August 1993 and 28 patients with Stage IB cervical cancer treated with surgery alone between January 1989 and August 1993 at Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital. Patients ranged in age from 26 to 74 (median 48) and were followed for a median period of 39 months. Patients were divided into two groups; Group A comprising 32 patients withage 40. Both Group A and Group B patients were comparable with respect to all covariables studied. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival and the disease free 5-year survival for the 107 patients studied were 85.2% and 82.1% respectively. The overall survival for group A and Group B was 92% and 83%, respectively(p>0.05). The disease free 5-year survival for Group A and Group B was 82.3% and 82.6%, respectively(p>0.05). There was no difference in both local and distant failure in Group A and Group B. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the this analysis it is concluded that age alone is a poor indicator of prognosis and should not be used as an indication for adjuvant treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Prognosis , Radiotherapy , Retrospective Studies , Seoul , Uterine Cervical NeoplasmsABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Trimester, SecondABSTRACT
Locally advanced cervical carcinoma has shown high rate of local failure and poor survival rate despite the advances in modern radiation therapy techniques. Combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy demonstrated benefit in improving local control and possibly the overall survival. Twelve patients with advanced stages(Figo stage III, IV) or 11b with bulky tumors(>5 cm in diameter) were treated with combination of radiation therapy and concurrent weekly cisplatin between May of 1988 and September of 1991 at Inje University Paik Hospital. Cisplatin was administered in bolus injections of 50mg at weekly intervals during the courses of radiation therapy. Median follow-up period was 34 months with ranges from 3 to 53 months. Eleven patients were evaluable for the estimation of response. Response was noted in all the 11 patients: complete response(CR) in 7(64%), partial response (PR) in 4(36%). Of the 7 patients with CR, all maintained local control, whereas only 1 of 4 with PR showed local control. Six of 7 with CR are alive disease free on the completion of follow-up. Eight of 11 patients (73%) maintained local control in the pelvis. The Median survival for CR patient is 27 months and 9 months for the PR patients. Analysis of survival by stage shows 11 b 4/5, III 2/3 and IV 1/3. Overall survival rate was 61%. Three patients recurred : 1 at local, 1 in distant site and 1 with local and distant site. Toxicity for the combination therapy was not excessive. These results are preliminary, but definitely encouraging in view of markedly improved response rate compared with the results of historical control group.