ABSTRACT
The anterior process of the malleus (process of Folius) in the middle ear develops through an intramembranous ossification center that appears in the human embryo of 26.5 mm crown-rump length at a caudomedial position in relation to Meckel's cartilage. We present one case of an ossicular anomaly considered to consist of an abnormality of the anterior process and manubrium mallei (malleus handle). In this case, a thick bony bar was found extending from the neck of the malleus and abnormally developed an anterior process of the malleus to the posterior bony wall or the tympanic bone. In the anterior part, a thick bony bar was also found in the anterior bony wall connecting with the malleus neck and the anterior process of malleus, which was abnormally developed by fibrous tissue. The manubrium mallei and the umbo were not identified and the anterior process of the malleus was recognized as an abnormally developed bony fragment. On the basis of these findings, the bony bar was assumed to represent an abnormally developed mesenchyme bone (os goniale), which later developed into the anterior process of the malleus.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cartilage , Crown-Rump Length , Ear, Middle , Embryonic Structures , Hearing Loss, Conductive , Malleus , Manubrium , Mesoderm , NeckABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although allergic rhinitis is one of the most common factors associated with the development of chronic rhinosinusitis, the role of allergy in the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis was not well defined. This study is aimed to determine whether the allergy or factors such as nasal polyp, asthma, aspirin sensitivity can induce more extensive chronic rhinosinusitis, and to determine whether the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis depends on the severity of allergy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 98 chronic rhinosinusitis patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery were evaluated. The severity of chronic rhinosinusitis was assessed by CT scores and symptom scores. An allergic prick test, MAST (Multiple-antigen simultaneous test), the total IgE, and a serum eosinophil count were evaluated for diagnosis and assessment of the severity of allergy. Influences of another factors such as nasal polyp, asthma, and aspirin sensitivity to the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis were evaluated. RESULTS: Although the symptom scores of allergic chronic rhinosinusitis patients were greater than those of non-allergic chronic rhinosinusitis patients, there were no CT score differences between the two groups. Differences in the CT scores and symptom scores in allergic chronic rhinosinusitis patients according to the severity of allergy were statistically insignificant. Nasal polyp, asthma, and aspirin sensitivity did not induce more severe chronic rhinosinusitis. CONCLUSION: Allergy may be associated with the development of chronic rhinosinusitis, but the severity of allergy is not correlated to the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aspirin , Asthma , Diagnosis , Eosinophils , Hypersensitivity , Immunoglobulin E , Nasal Polyps , RhinitisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The transmission properties of the middle ear directly influence otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) which are transmitted from the cochlea to the ear canal via middle ear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of middle ear effusion (MEE) on detectability of various OAEs and to assess the potential applicability of DPOAE measurements in monitoring the middle ear status. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs), transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were recorded for 44 normal ears and 32 ears with MEE. DPOAEs were collected in two basic forms consisting of distortion product audiograms(DPgrams) and input-output (I-O) functions, elicited by two primary tones fl and f2 with varying geometric mean frequencies between 1-6 kHz. RESULTS: SOAEs were absent in 21 ears of 32 ears with MEE, TEOAEs were diminished in 28 ears with MEE, and DPgrams were eliminated in 17 ears with MEE. I-O function curves at 3 kHz and 4 kHz were significantly diminished by equal levels of fl and f2 primary tones of 45 & 55 dB SPL under the condition of MEE (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that MEE affects the detectability of various OAEs and that the DP I-O function curve measurement at 3 and 4 kHz may be valuable to monitor the middle ear status in pediatric patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cochlea , Ear , Ear Canal , Ear, Middle , Otitis Media with Effusion , Otoacoustic Emissions, SpontaneousABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A number of studies have found that anatomic and physiological changes of the larynx with advancing age result in reduced control of the phonatory mechanism in elderly individuals. Although vocal signs of senescence are a small reflection of involution, it is important to understand the effects of normal aging on voice by differentiating changes precipitated by aging from those precipitated by physical abnormalities. The purposes of this study are to investigate the characteristics and examine the normative reference of the acoustic parameters with aging in Koreans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The acoustic measurements in 300 normal persons of all age groups without laryngeal and audiological problems were assessed by multi-dimensional voice program (MDVP) 4305, KAY Elemetrics Corp., NJ, USA), and the changes due to advancing age were analysed. RESULTS: Fundamental frequency in women decreased with advanced age but it was noted with stability in men as they aged. Frequency stability decreased with advanced age in Koreans; amplitude stability decreased in men but not in woman. The normative reference of acoustic parameters in all age groups was also discussed. CONCLUSION: It may be suggested that the different normal thresholds for evaluating acoustic parameter in normal voice should be adjusted in different age groups in Korean.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Acoustics , Aging , Larynx , VoiceABSTRACT
Tow surgically treated cases of thoracic tuberculous spondylitis with multievel involvement are presented. Radical debridement produced large deficit in the anterior structures and spinal instability. A reconstruction with mesh cylinder graft and combined anterior instrumentation surgery in one stage operation. Anterior Instrumentation provided immediate stability and protected against development of kyphotic deformity. There was no persistence or recurrence of infection after surgery. The average length of follow up was 24month including 12month, 18month course of chemotherapy.