Botulinum Toxin A Ameliorates Neuroinflammation in the MPTP and 6-OHDA-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Models

Recently, increasing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation may be a critical factor in the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in addition to the ratio of acetylcholine/dopamine because dopaminergic neurons are particularly vulnerable to inflammatory attack. In this study, we investigated whether botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) was effective for the treatment of PD through its anti-neuroinflammatory effects and the modulation of acetylcholine and dopamine release. We found that BoNT-A ameliorated MPTP and 6-OHDA-induced PD progression, reduced acetylcholine release, levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as GFAP expression, but enhanced dopamine release and tyrosine hydroxylase expression. These results indicated that BoNT-A had beneficial effects on MPTP or 6-OHDA-induced PD-like behavior impairments via its anti-neuroinflammation properties, recovering dopamine, and reducing acetylcholine release.

Ensulin Autoimmune Syndrome in a Patient with Methimazole-Treated Graves' Disease: A Case report / 대한내분비학회지

Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) includes fasting or reactive hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and the presence of insulin-binding antibodies in patients who have never been exposed to exogenous insulin. This report concems a 29-year-old male patient with Graves disease who had history of having taken methimazole for two months, without any consequence, 6 months previously. However, when methimazole was administered again for three weeks, the patient suffered hypoglycemia during the next fourth week. He denied history of diabetes mellitus (DM), of taking any oral hypoglycemic agent or of having received insulin injection. Laboratory data showed total serum insulin level > 300 pu/mL, C-peptide reactivity (CPR) 8.0ng/mL and insulin antibody 89%. After stopping methimazole, he was treated with radioiodine (131I). There was no episode of hypoglycemic attack during 8 months of follow-up.

Clinical Observation on Chronic Prostatitis / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A Clinical observation was made on 220 cases of chronic prostatitis during the period from January 1980 to March 1981. The following results were obtained: 1. Age distribution was between 20 and 70 years old, showing the highest incidence in 20 to 29 years old (44. 6%) and the next in 30 to 39 years old (36.8%). 2. Subjective symptoms were in order of urethral pain or tingling, morning drops or urethral discharge, urinary frequency and perineal discomfort. 33 cases (14.3%) were free of symptoms. 3. Previous diseases were acute or chronic urethritis on 110 case (50.0%), previous prostatitis on 25 cases (11.4%), urinary stone on 7 cases (3.2%), S.P.H. on 7 cases (3.2%). 15 cases (6.7%) were free of previous diseases. 4. In urine examination, 94 cases (43.2%) showed W.B.C. more than 5/H.P.F 126 cases (56.8%) were within normal limit. 5. In 137 cases in which prostatic gram stain was done, microorganisms were gram (+) cocci on 28 cases (20.5%). gram (-) bacilli on 13 cases (9.4%), gram (+) bacilli on 8 cases (5.9%). No microorganism were on 88 cases (64.2%).

Recent Results of Quantitative Culture and Sensitivity Test of Urine / 대한비뇨기과학회지

This paper is presented to report the results of urinary quantitative culture and drug sensitivity tests for isolated micro-organisms in this study. Studies were done on 172 cases from the department of Urology, Eul Ji General Hospital during the period from Jan. 1979 up to Dec. 1980. 1. Quantitative urine culture in 172 cases were performed and of these, 89 cases grew micro-organism wile the remaining 83 cases showed no growth. Among the 89 cases, 67 cases (75. 2%) revealed significant bacteriuria with colony count over 10 5/ml in urine while 22 cases (24. 8%) were below 10 5/ml. Radio of Male: Female is 29 : 38 2. 55 cases (82. 1%) among the 67 cases with significant bacteriuria could the bacteria be identified on a smear and Gram stain. 54 cases (80.6%) of the 67 significant bacteriuria casts revealed pyuria of more than 5/HPF while 13 cases (19.4%) were below 5/HPF 3. 60 cases (89. 6%) of the 67 cases significant bacteriuria has Gram (-) bacilli while 7 cases(10.4 %) were Gram (+) cocci by direct smear. The frequency of isolated organism were as following E. coli ....33 cases (49. 3%). Pseudomonas ....11 cases (16. 4%) Enterobactor ....6 cases(9.0%) Proteus and stapbylo. Aureus .....4 cases (5.8%) respectively. 4. On the whole, all isolated micro-organisms showed considerable susceptibility to panimycin (82. 7%) and then frequency of susceptible drug were and then the frequency of susceptible drug were Cefamezine, Kedacillin, Gentamicin.

Statistical Observation on In-Patients of the Department of Urology in the Past Three and Half Years / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A Statistical observation was made on 284 In-Patients with age distribution and operative procedures in the Department of Urology, Eul Ji General Hospital, during the period from June 1, 1976 to December 31, 1978.