Soft tissue aneurysmal bone cyst of left hemithorax: An extremely rare case

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign expansile cystic lesion that can affect any bone of the skeleton, especially the femur, tibia, and humerus. Lesions with histologic features of an ABC can be originated within soft tissue in exceedingly rare cases. Extra-skeletal ABC may mimic a variety of benign and malignant lesions and can be confused with other common or rare giant cell-rich tumors of soft tissue. Clinical, radiological and histologic correlation are crucial in reaching the correct diagnosis. Here we report a case of an extra-skeletal ABC arising in left hemithorax in a 13-year-old girl and discuss the common differential diagnosis of this rare entity.

Preliminary Pharmacognostic And Physico-chemical Evaluation Of Root And Leaves Of Patha (cyclea Peltata (lam.) Hook.f. & Thoms)

The quality control of herbal crude drugs and their bio constituents is of paramount importance in justifying their acceptability. The crude drugs can be identified systematically on the basis of their morphological, histological, chemical, physical and biological studies. Cyclea peltata (Lam) Hook. f. Thoms belonging to the family Menispermaceae is a common plant seen in South India. It is mentioned in Ayurvedic classics by the name Rajapatha and is one of the important drugs used in Ayurveda therapeutics and is used widely in different formulations in medical practice. The aim of the study is to evaluate the preliminary pharmacognostical and phytochemical characters of Cyclea peltata (Lam) Hook. f. Thoms. Pharmacognostical evaluation of the plant Cyclea peltata (Lam) Hook. f. Thoms. was done by studying the macroscopic and microscopic features of leaf and root of the plant. The physical parameters studied included foreign matter, moisture content, volatile oil, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble extractive, alcohol soluble extractive, fibre content and sugar content. The preliminary phytochemical analysis included qualitative chemical analysis, Thin Layer Chromatography, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Various pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical characters observed in this may help in standardization, identification and carrying out further research in Cyclea peltata (Lam) Hook. f. Thoms.

Bruxism and oral health-related quality of life among male inmates in a penal institution, Mysore: A cross-sectional study

One of the widespread problems of oral health is bruxism and is defined as a parafunctional habit with involuntary grinding and gnashing of the teeth occurring during sleep. However, bruxism is connected to anxiety and stress, but the published literature on bruxism among prison inmates is scanty. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of active sleep bruxism and its impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among inmates in Central Penal Institution, Mysore. Materials and Methods: The study was cross sectional and conducted among eligible male inmates at Central Penal Institution, Mysore. The information on active sleep bruxism and OHRQoL was collected using a predesigned structured questionnaire by means of personal interview by a trained investigator. The active sleep bruxism was assessed using the criteria of American Academy of Sleep Medicine and OHRQoL through modified oral health impact profile (OHIP-14). The data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, t-test, analysis of variance, and linear regression model. Results: A total of 212 male inmates aged between 18 and 80 years were considered for the study. The prevalence of active sleep bruxism among the study population was 31.6%. The mean OHIP-14 score was significantly higher (P < 0.001) among the inmates having active sleep bruxism (38.52 ± 12.8) suggesting a high oral health impact as compared to inmates without this disorder (31.67 ± 12). Conclusion: The prevalence of active sleep bruxism was higher among the inmates of penal institution as compared to the general population. The active sleep bruxism had a negative impact on OHRQoL.

Prevalence of dental fluorosis among primary school children in association with different water fluoride levels in Mysore district, Karnataka.

Background: Fluoride intake at optimal level decreases the incidence of dental caries. However, excessive intake, especially during developmental stages can cause adverse effects such as dental and skeletal fluorosis. Aim: To assess the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in primary school children born and raised in three villages of Mysore District. The three selected villages have different water fluoride concentrations. Materials and Methods: Three villages namely, Nerale (water fluoride 2.0 ppm), Belavadi (1.2 ppm) and Naganahally (0.4 ppm) were selected for the study. Then, a total of 405 children, 10–12‑year‑old (204 [50.4%] males and 201 [49.60%] females) were selected from three schools of the villages. Dean’s fluorosis index recommended by World Health Organization was used to evaluate fluorosis among the study population. Results: The overall prevalence of dental fluorosis was found to be 41.73%. An increase in the community fluorosis index (CFI) was higher among those living in high water fluoride area. Conclusion: A significantly positive correlation was found between CFI and water fluoride concentration in drinking water.

Is the ratio of antibodies against oxidized LDL to oxidized LDL an indicator of cardiovascular risk in psoriasis?

Objectives: psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Chronic inflammation results in increased oxidative stress and oxidizes lipoproteins, increasing their atherogenicity. This study sought to estimate the levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein [ox-LDL] and antibodies against oxidized LDL [anti-ox-LDL] and compute the ratio of anti-ox-LDL/ ox-LDL as a single composite parameter to assess the oxidative lipoprotein burden as an indicator of cardiovascular risk in patients with psoriasis

Methods: this cross-sectional study included 45 patients with psoriasis. All patients were given a psoriasis severity index score and their ox-LDL and anti-ox-LDL estimated using ELISA

Results: the results of this study show an elevation in the ratio of anti-ox-LDL to ox-LDL in patients with psoriasis, which initiate and perpetuate the pathogenesis of psoriasis and its comorbidity, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Conclusions: our results suggest that an elevated ratio of anti-ox-LDL/ox-LDL can serve as a composite parameter reflecting the total oxidative lipoprotein burden and cardiovascular risk in psoriasis patients

Comprehensive lipid tetrad index, atherogenic index and lipid peroxidation: Surrogate markers for increased cardiovascular risk in psoriasis.

Background and Objectives: Recently, the concept of “psoriatic march” has come to the fore, in which chronic cutaneous inflammation in psoriasis leads to systemic inflammation which, in conjunction with increased oxidative stress, triggers a cascade of events resulting in increased cardiovascular risk in patients with severe psoriasis. We, therefore, decided to study the levels of some biochemical cardiovascular risk markers: lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), lipoprotein (a), lipid indices and atherogenic index, in patients with psoriasis and their association with disease severity. Methods: Fortyfive patients with psoriasis and 45 age and gender‑matched healthy controls were included in this cross‑sectional study. Disease severity was assessed by the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI). Serum malondialdehyde, lipoprotein (a) and fasting lipid profile were estimated in all study subjects. Lipoprotein ratios were computed using standard formulae. Atherogenic index was calculated as ratio of lipoprotein (a)/high‑density lipoprotein. Results: In psoriasis, we observed significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde, total cholesterol, low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol, non‑high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), lipid ratios, atherogenic index and comprehensive lipid tetrad index, compared to controls. These levels were directly proportional to disease severity. Serum levels of malondialdehyde correlated positively with serum lipoprotein (a), comprehensive lipid tetrad index and atherogenic index. Limitations: Different morphological types of psoriasis were not included and follow‑up post‑therapy was not done. A larger sample size would have validated the results further. Conclusion: Our results indicate that psoriasis, especially the severe variants, are associated with increased oxidative stress and dyslipidemia, which correlate positively with atherogenic index and hence, an increased cardiovascular risk.

Antilithiatic Activity of phlorotannin rich extract of Sarghassum Wightii on Calcium Oxalate Urolithiais ­ In Vitro and In VivoEvaluation

Urolithiasis is a common urological disorder responsible for serious human affliction and cost to the society with a high recurrence rate. The aim of the present study was to systematically evaluate the phlorotannin rich extract of Sargassum wightii using suitable in vitro and in vivo models to provide scientific evidence for its antilithiatic activity.

Regenerative Effect of L-Ascorbic Acid on the In vitro Grown Plants.

Aim: In the present work, we have studied the effect of L ascorbic acid (LAA) on the regeneration of plants from different families cultured in vitro. Study Design: Plants belonging to three different families are cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with and without 1μg/ml L ascorbic acid (LAA), in the absence of any other growth regulators. Thus the study brings out the effect of LAA on plant regeneration. In addition regeneration capacity of LAA involving other growth regulators was also studied. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biotechnology, Mount Carmel College, Bangalore, India, between August 2012-August 2013. Methodology: The work was conducted on Centella asiatica, Santalum album, and Trigonella foenumgraecum. C. asiatica and T. foenumgraecum are herbaceous whereas S. album is a tropical woody plant. Stem explants of C. asiatica and S. album and the seed explants of T. foenumgraecum were used for the in vitro culture and chlorophyll content in thus obtained leaflets was measured. Further, growth related parameters such as shoot/root length, leaf areas were measured. Results: LAA aided the shoot regeneration in all the three plants cultured in vitro. In C. asiatica and T. foenumgraecum it resulted in the regeneration of plantlets with shoots and roots, however in the case of S. album only shoot regeneration occurred. Chlorophyll content was found to be higher in the in vitro plants grown in the presence of LAA. Shoot/root lengths and area of leaves were more in LAA grown plants as compared to control plants. Conclusion: In vitro culture of stem explants of C. asiatica and seed explants of T. foenumgraecum revealed that supplementing LAA aided in the whole plant regeneration, whereas in the case of S. album supplementing LAA only resulted in the shoot regeneration, but no root formation. Shoot/root lengths, area of leaves and chlorophyll content was found to be higher in the in vitro grown plants with LAA as compared to those grown without LAA, suggesting that LAA is mitigating the function of both auxin and cytokinin. Enhanced chlorophyll production in in-vitro grown plants with LAA is suggestive of involvement of LAA in chlorophyll biosynthesis/protection from degradation and hence the regeneration. Through our results, we show that using LAA in the culture medium can result in regeneration of whole plants. The effect was observed in plants belonging to different families indicating LAA could be used as a general growth enhancer and adding LAA would be beneficial in the regeneration of whole plants.

An analysis of concentration of sucrose, endogenous pH, and alteration in the plaque pH on consumption of commonly used liquid pediatric medicines.

Background: Many parents are often unaware of the hidden, added sugars in many foods and drinks including pediatric liquid medicines; thus, hidden sugar in the form of pediatric medications has not been focused upon as cariogenic agents. Objective: (i) assess concentration of sucrose in six pediatric drugs, (ii) determine endogenous pH of these drugs, and (iii) estimate drop in the plaque pH in the oral cavity in first 30 minutes after consumption of the drugs. Materials and Methods: Ten adult volunteers with mean age of 22 years were double blinded for the study. Concentration of sucrose was assessed by volumetric method at Department of Chemical Branch of Engineering. Endogenous pH and drop in the plaque pH after consumption of the drugs were assessed using digital pH meter. Statistical analysis: SPSS software was used to assess the pH level at different time intervals and expressed as mean +/- SD. Changes in pH were assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Wilcoxons signed rank test. P-value was set at 0.05. Result: There were varying amounts of fermentable sucrose detected in the drugs; all the drugs were acidic. There is a significant drop of plaque pH after consumption of the drug. Conclusion: These sweeteners along with their low endogenic pH form a high cariogenic formulation. Thus, nonsucrose (noncariogenic) or sugar-free medications are needed to be prescribed along with proper oral hygiene care to the children under medication.

Beneficial effects of a polar fraction of garlic (Allium sativum Linn) oil in rats fed with two different high fat diets.

Feeding a diet containing 20% of sesame oil (SO) or coconut oil (CNO) along with 2% cholesterol to rats for two months showed differences in their serum and tissue lipid profile and certain enzyme activities. Hyperlipidemia and related oxidative effects were more pronounced in coconut oil fed rats than those fed sesame oil. Feeding a combination of the oils (10% CNO +10% SO) lowered significantly the hyperlipidemia and certain other deleterious effects of CNO. Feeding a polar fraction of garlic oil (PFGO) prepared in the same way as for ajoene and administered at a dosage of 100 mg/kg along with each of the above oil containing diets counteracted significantly the hyperlipidemic, oxidant and also most of the other deleterious effects of the oils like raised lipid levels in serum and tissues, raised serum levels of AST and tissue levels of HMGCoA reductase and the lowered serum and tissue levels of glutathione reductase. The results support the claims that ajoene, the major polar compound of garlic oil, has very good biological action, which warrants further study.